Gemurtrak

Gemurtrak, officially the Federated Duchies of Gemurtrak, is a country in north-west Osamia. It is situated by the Ornyenka-Sthulista Strait to the west, the Osamian Ocean, and is bordered to the south by Takjaana. The capital, Ornpyat, is often regarded as a major hub for global trade given its location. It is comprised of 4 duchies which are separated into 12 states, and one federal administrative territory, all of which collectively spans 1,496,557.08 km2, holding a population of 41,900,000, making it the most populous in Osamia. Other major cities include Metenzhana, Sywetatum, and Raswe.

Formally a collection of minor nations, Gemurtrak formed following military pressure from the Southern Empire which threatened to consume the various nations. They joined together as the Confederation of the North and held back numerous small invasions. The Confederation almost collapsed after some time into the Great Southern War but made an immediate recovery following the catastrophic defeat of the Southern Empire after the death of the Stag King and subsequent loss in the Battle of fallen kings. This victory soon led to a consolidation of power in the northern nations behind the Yedak drisnyet into Gemurtrak. This period of success soon fell apart after King Ardik, the original Yedak drisnyet died in 1045 after decades of attempts to maintain control in the region. What followed was decades of scheming and infighting caused by a weak central government and uncertain lines of succession. The internal strife calmed following the ascendance of Udrak of Nzek to the throne and the implementation of the Rights of Imperial Lineage in 1090. The nation enjoyed general prosperity until the Inheritance Wars in 1490 following the death of the entire royal family. This caused shock waves that would additionally result in the loss of much of the eastern territories of Gemurtrak after the Two Brothers War. The nation continued to maintain its position of trade power it was lucky to possess that soon fell into the ire of international interests during the mid-late 1600’s in the interest of opening the international trade-way to be better aligned to the goals of foreign powers, particularly those of Salia. This series of struggles for control of the area (later dubbed the Wars for the gap) saw Gemurtraks dominant presence begin to dwindle after numerous painful losses in cessation of territory. These were later reobtained during the Fury War of 1842 which saw the return of large swaths of land to Gemurtrak.

Following the return of the territories, internal strife began to reoccur as goals of the various smaller entities became misaligned with one another. Emperor Mazkwat, then re-established leader of the nation following the Fury War, maintained the stability of the nation and began reforms to change the now archaic system the nation still functioned under. These reforms would be incomplete following his death in 1874 and would culminate in the 1886 Crisis of the crown, creating a constitutional monarchy following it’s resolution in the 1888 meeting of the Imperial Chambers. The democratic system implemented however was heavily flawed and later resulted in much of the Assembly consisting of a single party,the Party of national solidarity, having a severe hold on the elected government. The democratic government grew more and more fractured as disagreements grew in the direction of where the state should go. The political conflicts soon became military conflicts after the controversial 1908 election and a peoples revolt erupted, later forming the Osamian Federation. The state, while initially proving successful, struggled under external and internal pressures for its existence and fostered a growing demand for the return of the pre-Constitutional Monarchy. The demands were granted following numerous defeats of the National Federation Army and a coup initiated by high ranking military member in 1951. Since then, the reformed Monarchy and its variety of political parties have maintained a generally stable peace within the nation.

Gemurtrak still holds popular control of the Ornyenka-Sthulista Strait which has allowed it to remain a major trade entity which, besides ideological differences, has kept the Strait generally open for business in the interest of continued national economic prosperity. The position of Ornpyat has allowed it to become regarded as a global city, acting as one of the key cities for global trade. Gemurtrak stands as one of the strongest nations in Osamia and is the largest economy on the continent. Gemurtrak is a member of the international community heading the Southern Prosperity League and is an active member of the World Forum.

Etymology
Prior to the Age of the raiders, People of the northern parts of Osamia referred to themselves and others as Katamur, meaning All People or in a literal sense, what was every person in existence according to them. Following the strides in boat design and cartography brought about by the initial Fieloanic invasions in the 500's AD, Many began to adopt the title of Gemurtrak, meaning People of the North or People belonging to the North. This later stuck following the formation of the unified nation as a spit to the face of the then shamed Southern Empire, seeing the declaration of the name as the movement of imperial right, from the defeated south, to it's victorious northern counterpart.

Pre-history and Old empires
The first hints of human presence have been predicted to have gone as far back as some 45,000 years ago with movement across the land bridge that now forms the Ornyenka-Sthulista Strait. Numerous old artifacts and cave paintings have been discovered across the Jwem psabki mountain range area dating as far back as 10000 BCE. The first signs of established settlements are denoted to coming around 6000 BCE after previous millennia of hunter gatherers. These settlements later became larger entities by 2000-1500 BCE where numerous communities formed across the north. These protonations experienced general peace until drastic change following the North crop plagues which disrupted early trade and caused an increase of distrust between nations. This mass cluster of conflicts, the Scramble wars, calmed by 950 BC with the culmination of multiple larger power blocs now in play, as well as advancements in agricultural technology. with a general peace returning to majority of the remaining powerful nations in the Northern continent, the societies prospered from the large expanses of land to cultivate and the generally improved life conditions. This period, denoted as The False peace, fell apart in 722 BC after the Slaughter of seven kings, which resulted in the death of all but 3 major political leaders in the national stage, these being the rulers of Gadram, Oztmark, and Thizen. Everyone weary of each other, war broke out between the nations until only three Empires, of magnitudes not experienced on the continent, remained.

The three lived in a hostile peace, commonly engaging in border disputes constantly but never engaged in larger conflicts due to the overextension already experienced. The initial consolidation would give way to the creation of the Greater Trakmir Group set of cultures, predominantly Gemamir (from the Western Gadram), Ostzamir (from the northern Oztmark), and Thizemir (from the Southern Thizen). A power Vacuum eventually culminated following the collapse of order in Thizen resulting from the outburst of a Volcano near it's national capital. This eruption flattened the entire city and suspected to have killed 88-90% of the populace. Gaddram and Oztmark erupted in full conflict against one another in hopes to take advantage of the chaos in Thizen. The brutal conflict lasted for almost three decades, until Gemamir troops finally reached the capital of Oztmark in 465 BC. The sheer size of territory Gadram now controlled placed excessive strain in the administrative functions of the empire. Gadram would itself collapse as well following the death of their emperor in 422 BC, fracturing into numerous successor states. Many details are unrecorded for this period largely from the mass disorganization and loss of communication across the large stretches of land previously occupied by the empires.

The onset of the dark age threw centuries of progress away, many technologies indicative of the times were last used by around 1300 BC and would not return to the peaks of the old empires until the late 300's AD. The rediscovery of the trade routes around the Ornyenka-Sthulista Strait provided a large boon to the coastal cities, which exploded in wealth during the period. To maintain wealth was equivalent across the Strait, Krathkay, the most influential of the trader cities at the time, introduced the meten currency which soon became the standard and improved the flow of trade between the many port cities.

Confederation of the North
For the following Centuries, the north remained a varying collection of powers. Many migrated to the more fertile coasts, those who stayed in the far east soon formed their own expansive nation, Okrimet, which is where many Okirmir link the origin of the culture. The West coast remained heavily divided politically, all vying for control over the crowded waterways of the Ornyenka-Sthulista Strait. The bustling trade region would experience multiple attempts at conquest in the region from foreign powers, however none were particularly effective until 500 AD when raids from the Southern Empire began to occur. Initially in small raiding parties, they slowly became a huge issue to civilians on sea and land. Many of the independent cities began long processes of enhancing and expanding their defensive capabilities, some of these becoming some of the greatest feats in defensive architecture of the period, such as the Buksazhek Forts in the city of Ras Borzh. In their attempt to make money off of the situation, numerous mercenary groups flourished during this time, often charging exorbitant fees to protect those far from the protection of city walls. many of the former 23 Mercenaries of Gemurtrak had much of their foundations formed at this time and saw extensive combat before later being directly hired by the major nations in counter-offensive plans.

With the invasions from the Southern empire continuing on for numerous centuries, many of the city states combined into singular states organized into an oligarchy to pool resources against the raids. These small collectives of city states came to in various forms ranging from sheer political cohesion (in regards to the Council of Utek and it's 11 members) to militaristic dominance of their local competitors (such as the Duchy of Stiorzhya). Some still, like Krathkay, stood independent, existing through use of mercenary armies and abundant wealth. Despite the consolidation of these powers, none were able to defend effectively against the Southern empire. Seeking common ground with the other developing power blocs, Stiorzhya's King, Kanay III, called for a dialogue in helping to resolve the centuries long crisis. He suggested a joint declaration of protection and the formation of a confederation. Many were convinced in cooperating for the sake of commerce as well as the guarantee of security this would bring to some eastern nations who were locked into conflict often with Okrimet. While the confederation was formed for the singular goal of protection against foreign invaders, the agreement helped build positive relations between the realms, improving trade and intermingling with territories away from the port cities.

While the conflicts in the Strait slowed, more attention was placed towards the south, where growing infrastructure from the now organized nomadic tribes of Tákjaana under the Southern Empire had reached a point where invasions from the south were a viable choice for the Empire to assault the Confederation. In response, the Confederation completed the largest joint project led under the chief architect of Ras Borzh, Padmkan Resya, the Zwarkin Wall which successfully repelled serious assaults from the south and mitigated the damages from the Prelude wars. The influx of support heading towards the southern border of the confederation saw rapid improvement in the living standard of much of the territories who suffered frequent bouts of famine due to the poor infrastructure that would fail to bring food from the temperate north during the winter times in the region. The improvement saw a revival of art and culture of the Thizemir people who became one of the most disorganized following the collapse of Gadram.

Great Southern War
On June of 1000, a force of never before seen proportions stood and soon destroyed the Zwarkin Wall and pushed north. Naval raids grew in ferocity towards cities throwing them into sieges for numerous months reducing the effective support they could give to the conflicts erupting down south. The confederacy was being pushed back at an alarming rate, many assuming it would collapse soon. The Southern Empires push slowed upon reaching the more developed northern members which granted time to recuperate and organize around the new situation. In wake of the early failings, the confederation centralized the military efforts instead of the previously disconnected set up it had. This angered numerous members of the confederate council, however it was passed anyways due to the dire situation facing many of the members. As the forts began to fall, the chief of the new Confederate Military command, Badak Truka, was inducted and successfully repelled numerous attacks and began to gain the advantage. While advancing their forces, the confederate army came upon the main force of the Southern Empire and were dealt a devastating blow. Reeling from it, the Confederate army retreated to a strategic location and hunkered down for the arrival of the main army while also waiting for supporting troops within the region. These troops arrived just in time for the deciding conflict. While at a disadvantage in numbers, the advantageous environment gave the North the resources they needed to cause serious damage to the Southern army. The conflict immediately flipped upon the death of the Stag King leading the southern army. Lacking in leadership, the southern forces routed. Over the following months, the Confederation would defeat all remaining forces within occupied territory. The raids subsided with word of the Southern empire collapsing shortly after the loss of their leader.

With ties and relations becoming inseparable after centuries of the Confederates existence, along with the high support for the Yedak Drisnyet, King Ardik I, the council, now lacking many members after their deaths in the massive battle and previous conflicts prior to it, saw fit to continue the unity of the north but in a format further centralized than what was present. Ardik took to becoming the leader of the Northern Empire with many celebrating the unification.

Post-unification turmoil
While many nations joined into the newly declared empire, many others heavily opposed the idea of unification under a singular sovereignty and declared themselves against the empire. The ensuing conflicts in 1015 tested the new king of the empire who dealt with numerous small forces all across the former confederation. This state of unease among the member states stayed for numerous decades, on many occasions conflicts would erupt between former allies, only further encouraging dissonance. Peace would not return to the region until 1033, after the pacification of the surrender of the city state of [CITY] in the spring of that year. A growth in concerns about the proper governance of the empire were the most often debated topic about the empire at the time. Many claiming the right of imperial governance for themselves, especially with an aging king on the throne. The First noble council feared the possibility of collapse in the event of Ardik I's death. The council, alongside the king, completed the Rights of self-governance in 1040, a decree that permitted extensive self autonomy for all members. Ardik I's death in 1045 did not spell disaster to the fortune of the empire's biggest supporters. A new wave however of issues sprouted, mainly in the realm of inheritance. While Ardik II was placed onto the throne,support for him plummeted in the council, and schemes began to develop. Ardik II and his successors all died of assumed assassination by members of the council due to their dissatisfaction.

With the assumption of a child to the throne in 1074, the various members of the council council all vied for the goal of imperial leadership. Most of these plans led to small scale wars within the empire's borders that ended quickly. However. Udrak of Nzek, one of the more popular members of the council, went to declare himself the sole defender of the Regency, the first council collapsed and the War of the first council erupted within the empire concluding in 1090 with Udrak and his supporter's success. They later deposed the former king of Gemurtrak and Udrak as king. Udrak, alongside the Second noble council created the Rights of imperial lineage, allowing all members of the second council as elegible canidates for the crown of the emperor through election. This new system of shared imperial authority improved relations and stabilized the empire.

Kezik period and Inheritance war
With the calming of political conditions inside the empire, professional military servicemen and generals, began to grow restless in the period of incomparable peace. Some sold their skills where it was needed and formally restructured the mercenary system that had stayed as it was for centuries. Others demanded forms of compensation for their service, taking large reward sums, land, nobility rights, even government positions or influential marriages as reward for their efforts. While the upper echelons of the government remained peaceful, the lower nobilty were highly decentralized due to the explosion of new landed individuals. The complexity of the lower realms developed a court culture famously regarded as impossibly complex. By 1183, the Northern Empire was at it's height with development on the west coast growing and trade in the region bringing in all time high rates of finance. Dissatisfied with only a single branch of the Imperial families, the Kazha, commonly achieving the throne, Gurmak of Tenrok, head of the Tenrok family, subverted influence against the Kazha family and demanded a reform of the system. The reforms were partially successful, splitting power between two elected monarchs. This dual monarchy system only developed further suspicions among the families, especially during vacant periods of the first crown elect, the position held by the Kazha family. This in itself was changed again in 1231 when the Kazha family formally solidified their position as the prime head of the empire, assuming the position of the first elect as a permanent position for their family.

While intrigue remained, attention grew more towards the Ornyenka-Sthulista strait and the Skephon half of the strait owned in part by Mitruhmoer. Political chaos occuring in Mitruhmoer during the 15th century encouraged Gemurtrak to invade in 1455 and experienced intense competition for the peninsula against native rebels who held an advantage knowing the mountainous terrain. The war would stretch on for 15 years across three seperate campaigns (in 1455, 1461, and 1468) eventually concluding in 1470 with the establishment of Ketra yenka and it's dominions on Skephon. Unlike the political gauntlet of the Borzh kasu peninusla, the territories of Ketra yenka were placed under the right of the first crown elect. This soured relations of those in the council but the Imperial family held a sizable army and personal coffers that could sustain a large confrontation by the council. In 1490, a suspicious fire in the imperial palace killed almost all of the imperial family excluding the lone pregnant wife of the emperor, Empress Miki. The noble council was thrown into panic, blame was thrown about, many considering it an attempt for the claim of the first crown elect. The situation remained passive as empress Miki was still expecting a child, all hoping it would be a male, cancelling the crisis. The birth resulted in a girl, the council fell apart overnight and battles broke out across the nation.

For the next 60 years, the Northern Empire would remain in a state of civil war over claims of legitimacy, territorial disuputes, and influence in a grab for Imperial leadership. Yazeku of Yorgerr, head of the Merchant Republic Coalition, attempted to claim the position of Emperor by marrying the last living member of the Kazha family, Daysikya, to have her legitimize his push. The plan was highly unpopular with competitors outside of the merchant coalition. Daysikya knew this dissatisfaction among the nobility beyond the peninsula and began developing relations between these parties. By the time of the marriage in 1515, Daysikya declared herself the rightful emperor and murdered Yazeku at the wedding, fleeing and joining the nobles backing her under the banner of the newly formed Makazhu family. The war would continue for another 40 years, The family growing during this period until holding some degree of national stability by 1540 and much of the combat occuring in the northern reaches of the recreated empire. the war would conclude in 1550, after Maguste III, son of Daysikya, defeated the Mazu geyak family.

Majority of the eastern territories remained in control of parties opposing the control of the Kingdom of Gemurtrak. Maguste III attempted a sweeping conflict to reclaim the remaining territory of the former empire but would fail miserably, accepting the loss and later acknowledging the former holdings as independent after the Two brothers war. Ketra yenka was also lost, declaring themselves independent of Gemurtrak shortly after the war had begun. The economy of the country was in a complete wreck which was only being held afloat by exorbitant taxes towards the former members of the merchant coalition. These problems and the failure of the Two brothers war brought the empire on the brink again, with noble rebellions resurging in the Borzh kasu peninsula. While the western situation subsided with the submission of the Second Merchant Republic in the Merchant rebellion, and the restriction of the powers in the 1582 Imperial measures act, The rest of the nation was not as fortunate.

Warlord period
more to come...

Salian colonial occupation
With the turn of the 16th century, naval trade began to expand exponetially due to a period of colonialism in the Alutran region. The Ornyenka-Sthulista strait became a major artery of global trade, acting as the fastest route around the old world. The importance of this route caught the eye of multiple Alutran states. Salia would begin acts of invasive trade conflicts in Gemurtrakian ports through the course of the 1600's and escalate over the century. Gemurtrak was largely incapable of fending off the invasions and submitted land to the HIC in 1666 after crushing losses in the trade conflict of that year. Futher territories would be ceded as Salia strengthened their position in the strait, choking trade of the region and requiring a violent response from Gemurtrak, which would commonly result in their own loss. With the salian dominance all but established in the region, Salia initiated a finishing assault on the Imperial palace of the emperor of Gemurtrak and demanded the signing of the formal surrender of Gemurtrakian sovereignty. The treaty was signed in 1702 and officially declared the former empire as a subsidiary of the HIC and placed the Imperial family into permenant house arrest, severing their control of the government. The HIC grew to exorbetant heights off of the abundant resources and strategic trade region their conquest gave. The company grew to being one of the most profitable within the Osamian region. While the HIC and the Salian authority claimed total control of the territories stipulated in the 1702 agreement, their official control was far more limited. Administrative authority outside of the western coast was only partial and heavily limited, instead direct control was handed towards the local nobility who governed in the stead of Salia. These nobles were typically staunchly against the imperial family and happily cooperated with the foreign authorities. Control would grow more centralized as the colonial authority expanded in size and fortune. While nobles were still kept into positions of power, their actual powers were progressively being curbed in favor of more direct systems that communicated more efficiently, placed under colonial provinces. While these nobles did occasionally rebel due to their positions in governance retracting, such as the Budwagu rebellion, they held very small military forces that were only given for local control, and were incapable of competing against the larger direct colonial forces. Conditions for Gemurtrakians varied depending on their state of assimilation into Salian society with those refusing to partake in the new system finding little success while those who submitted to Salian rule were treated to government positions within the regional administration. This caused a disparity within the territories, widening the gap between the lower and upper echelons of Gemurtrakian society. The colonial occupation of Gemurtrak would continue until a string of rebellions led by Mazkwat, formerly removed and now restored Emperor of Gemurtrak, led to numerous large scale conflicts within the country. The Fury War of 1842-1846 was the conclusive blow to the Salian colony, which admitted defeat and returned around 90% of its territory to the renewed Kingdom.

Modernization
Restored to the front stage of affairs, Gemurtrak quickly developed to the new environment it had found itself in. Mazkwat, a large supporter in the efforts of modernization, introduced multiple national restructuring programs to take advantage of any and all industrial facilities left behind by Salia. All salian industry was forcefully repossesed by the government and were nationalized under the Gemurtrak Imperial Industry Collective, centralizing and focussing the industry into key parts of the Gemurtrakian economy to jumpstart reconstruction. Redevelopment was interrupted shortly after the loyalty of numerous nobility were questioned. With the goal of centralizing the nation as much as possible, Mazkwat called for the removal of numerous noble titles, effectively making the Title of Emperor the sole title existing in Gemurtrak. Two groups, the Gazne Clique and the Pegath loyalists arose opposing this action. Mazkwat offered heavy compensations for the removal of titles, going so far as to allow retainment of some smaller titles with the right of partial autonomy within those claims. While this convinced many, Mazkwats main rival, Tharezi Pegath, refused to accept and eventually declare war in 1850, throwing the country into a minor civil war until 1852. With his opponents defeated, Mazkwat stood as the most powerful man in the Kingdom and used his power to rapidly advance Gemurtrak to being capable of competing against an Alutran power. The Gemurtrakian sociatal system was overhauled with the liberalization of the Nagsenur system, the introduction of universal education, and the outline of a constitution. Confident of the position of the kingdom, Mazkwat would surrender multiple authoritative powers in 1862 and relax censorship laws. The Charter of universal rights of Gemurtrak were enforced in 1863, formally creating a public representative government for the first time in Gemurtrakian history. Mazkwat would also travel internationally to communicate with various international powers with the hope of obtaining allies against any future threats. His expeditions would prove most successful in Mitruhmoer and Haksarad with the signing of trade deals and defensive agreements between the seperate nations. He would also visit Eastern Alutra, formally recognizing the partial authority the nations of Ordrey and Gladomyr held on the southern reaches of Osamia. Mazkwat would pass away in 1874, formally concluding the Modernization period of Gemurtrak

Post Mazkwat Gemurtrak
With the death of Mazkwat came massive changes within the national structure. Much of the administration was performed with the monarch acting as the sole arbiter of decision making within the nation. Most national affairs, regardless of the disciplinary, were sent towards the monarch to be resolved. Designated lines of authority were blurred from decades under the authoritative function of the previous emperor. With the ascension of the new emperor [mazson], duties were returned to lower members of the administration. This led to a government that was highly unresponsive to itself, leading to multiple errors and miscommunications between entire sections of the government, leading to high inefficency and abundant corruption. This period led to a multitude of inter-governmental squabbles and conflicts with threats from various departments to use their section of the national military to get what they wanted being a commonplace occurance at the time. Many civil departments failed to uphold standards for civilian services and brought about an increase of public dissent towards [mazson]'s government. Attempts were started in 1880 but would meet internal backlash, smaller departments wishing to maintain the chaotic environment to allow them to hold equal footing against the larger government departments.

To quell the factionalism and bring government departments in check, [Mazson] introduced the Imperial Structuring Act of 1885, presenting the chain of political command within the Gemurtrakian government. The act was met with mixed feelings and began a period within the government where heavy opposition towards the monarchy and it's function within the government was placed into question. The situation in the government reached a dangerous point when in 1887, moving on false pretenses, members of the department of state moved troops belonging to department head, [Stahed], to assault and force through key policy currently pending in the department of industrial development. The emperor was made aware of the situation and began to move his own loyal men to stop the assault. The two forces appeared to each other and failed to identify deparment allegience. A small firefight broke out between the parties before it was intervened by the Emperor. The situation placed [Mazson] into a dangerous position. in 1888, [Mazson] would successfully push the Imperial Structuring Act after submitting to demands from the government to reduce the overall authority of the monarchy in legislative affairs. A constitutional monarchy was effectively placed into effect alongside the structuring changes which greatly improved the conditions within the government, fixing many confusions but still allowing multiple caveats, including ministerial control of military units, as the degrees of compensation to achieve the far more stable government.

Geography
Gemurtrak sits along the western stretch of north mainland Osamia, bordering Tákjaana to the south. The country can be split into 3 distinct regions consisting of the Western highlands, Northern lowlands, and Eastern plains. The highlands consists of the whole western stretch of coast gemurtrak occupies, where the Jwepsab mountain range resides and influences the rest of the geographic landscape. The mountain range is the tallest and longest on Osamia with the highest point on the continent being Mount Gemabukza standing at just above 7000 meters. The height of the mountains causes a rainshadow, making the western portion of the mountains dry and lightly forested. Rivers are still abundant on the west side, generated by the snowmelt of the upper Jwepsab mountains. The amount of rivers in the area are capable of supporting a considerable amount of flora and fauna that are heavily focused around these major rivers. Areas further north and south of the mountains are typically unaffected by the rainshadow and are some of the most heavily vegetated. By the northern coast, the low coast combined with exposure to monsoons has led to a vibrant ecosphere among the swampy lowland with extensive forests. The monsoonal weather patterns of the region lead some parts of the northern region lacking in yearly rainfall. While the coast still obtains a sustainable amount of water for year round widespread vegetation, the central plains is less consistant. Rainfall comes in strong season specific periods under 30° southern latitude. This leads to long periods of little to no rainfall within the central plain. The lack of year long rain, and only one major river, has encouraged grazing animals who migrate across the region, typically moving northwards during the dry season and returning south with the arrival of the monsoon season.

Climate
Gemurtrak possess a varying climate primarily dominated by a climate that covers the whole northern coast and the majority of the interior caused by monsoonal weather that hits around just before the summer period (October-December). The Jwepsab mountain range causes a drier climate on the western side of the mountains, leading to a along the central western coast before turning to a  further south along the Isthmus of Jwepsab. The higher altitudes of the mountain range gives way to an and later  and  grade climates at it's highest points. A small section east of Skorn ortna also displays traits of a. The northern coast experiences considerable tempreture swings between dry and monsoonal seasons. During the monsoonal period of the latter end of the year the area experiences a high rate of humidity averaging around 82% in the northernmost parts of the country. The summers have average highs of around 30°C with daily averages ranging around 27°C in most parts of the north coast. June-August are the cold periods for the whole country where it can reach freezing tempretures in the southern reaches. The north experiences little to no snowfall during this time while the interior is commonly covered in a few inches of snow every year.

Government and politics
Gemurtrak functions under a federal parliamentary system led by the Minister of the Republic (MR) as the head of government who is elected by popular vote every 4 years. The monarch is the head of state and is an inherited title through law. The MR oversees two houses of government within the Imperial Chambers, both of which are all directly elected, the Chamber of Ministers, and the Chamber of States. Both houses must be owned by the ruling party in order to form government. In the event of a split, the successful party in the chamber of ministers forms the government with a member of the Chamber of Duchies replacing the successful chamber of states party. The third house, Chamber of Duchies, is an entirely semi-elected house that is led exclusively by the Monarch. The MR possesses numerous powers in controlling the government. They are allowed to form a federal cabinet, offer candidates for the Imperial court, and act as the representative of the Monarch in the event of absence however all decisions are not bound and can be ratified by the Monarch later. The Monarch holds considerate control over the government including the power to dissolve the elected houses of government, appoint members of the Imperial court and overrule the appointment of members on the MRs cabinet, remove the current MR, and enforce any bill currently in government, bypassing both houses. These decisions can be overturned if the collective elected government votes against the action in a simple majority.

The elected chambers each handle the standard functions of the state. The chamber of ministers is allowed to provide and debate legislature whereupon they are voted on and, if successful, move to the chamber of states for an additional round of votes. The chamber of ministers does not possess the power to vote on legislature related to the budget, a power exclusive to the chamber of states.

The unelected chamber of duchies exists for the purpose of interstate maintenance of public services. Each duchy is granted to approved budgetary split and determine the final division of funds towards each state. The members of the federal cabinet must communicate with the respective state duke/duchess to verify the expenditure of funds.

Administrative divisions
Gemurtrak is split into 4 Duchies and a federal administration territory. Each of the duchies are split into 3 states each (for a total of 12) who possess some form of autonomy independent of one another but function under the larger blanket of the duchy they're under. These administrative divisions were put into full function following the 1892 National sovereignty agreement and attempted to follow cultural borders and former noble territory while remaining fair to all parties. The Federal Territory of Suzhya has no states and is instead divided into two distinct subdivisions; Councils and Autonomous Administration Zones (AAZ). Many of the major cities (excluding Ornpyat) are placed under the AAZ subdivision, granting these cities heightened autonomy in their local politics.

Military
The Imperial Armed Forces of Gemurtrak are comprised of 5 branches - Army, Navy, Air Force, Special Forces, and the Local Service Aid & Defense (LSAD). All branches excluding the LSAD, are organized under the Department of National Defense, while the LSAD are placed under the authority of the Department of Internal Management and is lead by the Duty Bearer of Internal Management. All other branches are relegated under the Department of National Defense unless in the occasion of military conflict. On such an occasion the LSAD can be reorganized under the Department of National Defense as an milita force should the purpose be necessary. The powers of commander-in-chief is split between the Duty Bearer of National Defense and the Acting Monarch. Majority of the authority of the Monarch is relinquished to the Duty Bearer but can be forcefully reaquired at the demand of the Monarch. The commissioning of officers and the arrangement of the military cabinet remain as powers exclusively exercised by the Monarch.

The Imperial Armed Forces has an active state of conscription demanding all Gemurtrakian civilians from the ages 18 to 28 for a limited period in a single branch (excluding special forces) or within public service departments including state police, firefighting or paramedics. Men must serve a total of 18 months while women serve 12 months, after which they are excused of active duty and placed into reserves until age 35. Gemurtrak has a sizable force, possessing the largest naval fleets and equally one of the largest land forces in the southern hemisphere. Gemurtrak spent $30 Billion in 2020 on the military, roughly 3% of the total GDP, a reduction that has been active in the budget since the 2010's coming from the former high of 5.8% in 2012. The Imperial Armed Forces stands as one of the most active military entities in the world, providing support for international missions under the World Forum or directly in some occassions(such as the Agar civil war. Although formerly recognized as a nuclear power in the 1960's, Gemurtrak formally disarmed all their nuclear warheads in 1976 under the 1976 Gemurtrak Nuclear disarmament Act. Demands by the military were made to reverse the act during the 1980's following heightened tensions during the Ordish Revolution but were ultimately kept in place across the period.

Demographics
According to the 2020 Census, Gemurtrak's population stands at 41,900,000 with a population density of 28km2. This population is concentrated heavily on the coast with more than 60% of the total population living in one of the major coastal cities in Suzhya, Ros Yorges, and Meduser swe.

Ethnic groups
Indisputably, the largest ethnic group in Gemurtrak are the various culture groups of the northern reaches of Osamia, collectively termed the Greater Trakmir Group (GTG). This grouping comprises all ethnic communities that have collectively developed under Gemurtrak and its predecessors and make up 90% of the whole population (around 37.65 million). Modern Gemurtrak holds four groups of the GTG; Gemamir, the largest group comprising about 35% of the nation, who are primarily located on the Borzh kasu peninsula. Ostzamir, the second largest at 25%, cluster largely in the northern lowlands and extend across much of the northern coast. Thizemir, at 18%, is the last major coastal group, consolidating between the western coast and the Jwem psabki mountain range. Okirmir, the smallest group at 12%, represent the collective nomadic northern cultures that cover the entire north central desert. Outside of the GTG, the remaining 10% consist of other Osamian ethnicities including the Tákjaan people (4%), the Yuchvanese (1.6%), and the Fieloanic people (1.2%). The remaining 3.2% consist of non Osamian groups including Mudruvese, Sedic people and various other minor peoples. All of these groups, excluding the Tákjaan who generally live in the southern parts of Gemurtrak, live in the major cities of Gemurtrak, namely Ornpyat.

Languages
Gemurtrak in a practical format has only a single official language in the country, Trakian, which is spoken by the vast majority of the population with at least 98% of people showing lingustical competency. Gemurtrak also partially recognizes the salian language of Cídeach which is only officially recognized in the autonomous region of Nyiki swe due to the large concentration of Sarya-Gemurtrakians on the island, ethnic salians who were born and raised in Gemurtrak from holdouts of the colonial period. Other languages spoken within the country are largely tied to other ethnic groups including for the Tákjaan minority, and Tenkogul for the Yuchvanese. These groups however, also showed the largest rate of competency during the lingustical census, with 98% of them capable in Trakian. The lowest rate of competancy in language based on ethnic group was the Fieloanic people with only 37% showing a solid understanding of the language. No other native languages are known to be actively spoken

Religion
Gemurtrak has declared itself a secular state in its 1952 constitution, permitting any and all faiths to practice within the country. According to the 2020 census, around 92% of the population took part in some form of religious activity within the past month relating to the Owkugan faith. While they may practice it, only 53% of the population considers them as following the cultural religion of Owkuga actively. It has been denoted that this comes from the basis that Owkuga is a largely passively followed faith with many holidays, cultural traditions, and non religious practices stemming from the faith originally. About 22% of the population has declared themselves as atheist or agnostic in nature, a continuing drop that has reportedly occurred since the 1980’s from a high of 48% in 1982 and has steadily declining since. Many have denoted the origin of this trend as a sign of an increased cultural push by post federation families reinitiating themselves and their children into religious faiths after the religious crackdown during the 1910-50’s. A popular trend of growth has been the H’Ejrad faith, which has had a meteoric rise in practitioners from around 0.7% in 1960 to almost 16% in 1978 where it has been trending since, remaining at 14% in the 2020 census. The cause of such growth comes from numerous Gemurtrakian exiles picking up the faith in their time in Haksarad and returning as active practitioners. 7% were noted as following faiths originating from Mitruhmoer, primarily Tsuapshong, and a remaining 4% practitioning a variety of faiths ranging from cultural background faiths (such as Sedic people practitioning Ayekism) to new age religions.

Health
Gemurtrak functions under a universal healthcare system paid for by either state providers or company based healthcare subscription funds depending on a persons employment and/or personal decisions. Gemurtrak has maintained this system since the 1960's after demands to reintroduce workplace based healthcare schemes after their removal during the transition from the Osamian Federation. The system has since remained generally balanced with the option to opt into private health funds for a higher quality if a person has the financial capital. While the medical system has been successful, many health problems still plague the country with heavy concerns on smoking originating complications including lung and various other s, and concerns of overworking leading to heart based medical episodes such as, , and. Gemurtrak has one of the highest global rates of smoking with around 48% of the adult population being active smokers.

Education
Officially codified in 1960, the National education act enforced the requirement of compulsory education for any Gemurtrakian civilian under the age of 18. Schools are active year round and are seperated into two semester years, with a month break between each. The education system is partially decentralized with education curriculum having some differences between duchies. Education lasts for 12 years comprised of 3 groups; primary, junior secondary, and senior secondary. Each last for 4 years with most schools accommodating both groups of secondary education in their facilities. All education facilities are publically funded and free for all Gemurtrakian citizens to attend. All of these matters apply to all duchies. While curriculum can vary, it is still compulsory for all schools to teach liturature, maths, and humanties at minimum. All other subjects are left to the respective education board of the duchy in question. Although Gemurtrakian students are regarded as very successful in their studies, many do not continue into tertiary education. A steady decline has been occuring in tertiary enrolment from it's peak of 48.6% in 1990 to its lowest of 15.7% in the 2016 cencus. Many claim the decline from pessimistic opinions of a tertiary degree in the working field of Gemurtrak, most opting to enter the workforce or study for Vocational Training Diplomas. This decline has provoked the government to institute multiple systems of encourgement including offering financial compensation towards tertiary education to those who served beyond the compulsory military training period, atop of other financial services they were already recieving.

Despite the decline in tertiary education, the secondary education sector of Gemurtrak still remains a very successful field. International education program results typically place Gemurtrakian students within the top 10 most well educated secondary students. Multiple universites in Gemurtrak are also internationally renowned for their quality of education and see the vast majority of enrolments in the country, the most popular including the Mazkwat university, the Suzhyan imperial university, and Maguste university, all of whom rank within the top 50 of the best universities in the world.

Culture
Gemurtrakian culture is regarded as one of the most well known of the broader Osamian cultures given it's international exposure across ancient and modern history. Gemurtrak has stood as the cultural center for Osamia since it's period of political domination during the 11th till 17th century where much of its traditional culture is derived from including classical forms of literature, art, performance, music, and philosophy. Many surrounding countries on the Osamian continent take influence from elements of Gemurtrakian culture during these periods of hegemony the empire enjoyed as well as the cultural revolutions that were commonly emphasised during the Federation period. These fields would develop and change drastically after the colonization of Gemurtrak from 1702 until 1846 by the Alutran state of Salia, who would bring many Alutran practices to Gemurtrak and generate a blend of the two that remained in popular use even after Gemurtrak's independence, becoming the contemporary formats alongside the traditional forms maintained by the Owkugan clergy. Gemurtrak's modern position in the international community and the growth of popularity of traditional Gemurtrakian practices has brought about a Renaissance in reinterprating much of the traditional arts to realign with the modern world, giving way to a multitude of unique practices that are growing in popularity again. studies generally seperate Gemurtrakian culture, commonly refered to as the Greater Trakmir Group, into four groups, these being the most prominant cultures within the modern Gemurtrakian borders that have developed to have major similarities between one another. These include the Gemamir, Ostzamir, Thizemir, and Okirmir. Much of Gemurtrak's cultural variance within its regions originate from the major group in the region which has changed and gained influence due to their connected exposure to one another over the multiple centuries.

Music and Performing arts
Music within gemurtrak has been a major focus within society since the classical developments of the Owkugan faith which regarded the learning and performance of music as one of the great pillars of spiritual enlightenment. The culminiation of this was large scale performances comprised of the full bredth of instruments within the Gemurtrakian repertoire. This took the shape of and Gemurtrakian opera which became the two defining features of high court music across the nation. Opera would later permeate into popular culture and transform the format into numerous sole or small group performances such as Kradenizu which had only two performers make use of three seperate instruments, one of which is shared between the two. This gave way to a popular culture that would see the creation and retention of numerous oral stories that are well preserved to the modern day. Gemurtrakian performers would also frequently travel to Skephon and Alutra where they would pick up traits and return with them, introducing a wide range of performaces by Gemurtrakian musicians which would only increase in intensity after the arrival of the colonial period. Traditional opera would also develop into a variety of smaller (and in cases such as [Performance], larger) performances that would also develop to be popular within the common cultural sphere.

Into the 20th century, while the party line of the Osamian Federation called for it removal, non-osamian genres of music still remained popular during the period (such as ), however attention was still placed on traditional folk songs and transforming them into modern anthems of the Federation. Counterculture movements within the Federation led to the popularization of newly growing genres that would explode in activity following the Federations fall. took an espeically popular hold of the young post federation population which saw the rise of artists and bands such as [Rockartist] who would become national stars and have some success in the international music field. Further liberalization across the late 60's and 70's would see the creation of the genre, one of the most internationally successful genres to come out from Gemurtrak. After the blue scare of the 80's, the rock field gained even more popularity with, , as well as the newly growing international scene of , taking hold within the country. Modern Gemurtrak still holds a vibrant rock and metal scene with a growing revival of the shortlived disco scene in the form of.

Fashion
Prior to the liberation of many cultural elements of Gemurtrakian culture, which were restrained by the Nagsenur system, clothing and the styles and presentation were commonly used as a sign of determining a persons position in the societal hierarchy. Some articles of clothing were outright banned for some to wear due to the association of these pieces towards the Owkugan clergy, the Imperial family, and in extension, an association with some degree of divinity. This stratification of clothing developed a large and complex collection of meanings and styles of clothing associated with certain topics or events. Following the liberalization of the Nagsenur system, the legal consequences of wearing improper attire were removed, bringing about a boom in the fashion industry across the 19th century with a large range of new clothing inspired by court fashion. This gave way to numerous formerly court fitters creating fashion companies including Getradum, [Company], and [Company], all of which remain major players in the modern fashion field. The formation of the Osamian Federation saw a radicalization of fashion culture which demanded for a reimagination of former styles to relinquish the traditional ties of Gemurtrakian fashion with the upper class and nobility, as well as any influences that were deemed as a product of outsider intervention, typically only targetting influences that were attributed to the Alutran continent. This gave way to the Semurchagu movement, which saw a rejection of popularly accepted trends and adoption of ideas which would permeate into later trends even after the fall of the Federation.

Internationally, Gemurtrakian fashion remains largely nieche outside of Osamian fashion circles, most outside exposure being countries of eastern Skephon. Outside of these regions much of the popularity stems from members of the Gemurtrakian diaspora who've generated small fashion circles within places of significant Gemurtrakian people including diasporas found in Haksarad and Ordrey.