Edury

Edury, officially known as the Great Commonwealth of Edury, (Eduran: Ðe Great Ledewealþ of Edurrich) is a in the north eastern corner of Alutra. Located on the northern coast of the bay that shares its name, Edury is bordered by Gladomyr to the east, Ordrey to the south-east, and Ecoralia to the west. Edury has a population around 45 million people, an occupies a space of around 419,000 km2. Its capital and largest city is Godenhaven, while its second city and original capital is Eduvesting. The nation is historically centered around the Edu river, which together with its valley and floodplain makes up the core of the country. Almost the entire nation, except the southwestern corner of the country drains into the basin of the Edu river.

The nation has its beginnings in the first meetings of the Senate, which was initially a group of nobles representing different cities which traded along the Edu river. Over time, these cities became the medieval Confederation, a loose union of cities and provinces. As time went on, the confederation centralized somewhat, and the state expanded to fill the valley and floodplain. A moderate colonial empire was established, which persisted until [time]. At the turn of the 19th century, the Eduran Revolution overthrew the status quo, reducing the Senate to an upper house with very little power, and replaced the elected near-monarchial Daar with the Lord-Magistrate, and turned the Assembly of the Estates into the powerful lower house of the Diet.

Edury is a parliamentary republic, with the Lord-Magistrate being directly elected by the people but subject to parliamentary confidence. It is a federal nation, and the provinces have a certain degree of autonomy and sovereignty, but the federal government is supreme. The state has a semi-written constitution, with certain laws and edicts enshrined as constitutional documents. These documents lay out the powers, responsibilities, and checks on the four branches of the Eduran government: the moderating branch, the executive branch, the legislative branch, and the judicial branch.

Etymology
The native word for the nation, Edurich, means "Realm of the Edu river".

Early history
The oldest confirmed settlement in Edury dates from approximately 1,000 BCE. People have been known to live as troglodytes in the caves on the western border of the nation since the 800's BCE.

Around 1000-500 BCE, a large group of Eduran speaking peoples migrated to the region that Edury and Ecoralia today both occupy. The mountains along the western border of what is now Gladomyr provided enough separation to divide the two peoples, however lots of cross cultural trade occurred between them. For a long time, only ending around the year 0 (if this work has a year 0,) many raids were conducted by Myrish groups into Eduran held land.

Circa 800 BCE, a local god emerges local to the people of the Edu river valley. This religion (called Placeholderism) is believed to follow a creed of monolatry, where the people accepted the existence of other gods but exclusively worshiped Shundaga. Shundaga is thought to be an amalgamation of earlier figures, mostly nature gods focused on flooding, and war deities. This religion had houses of worship that were often on the highest parcel of land available, and in the marshy northern peninsula, were often on stilts. Following the introduction of Ayekism by the Myrs, some aspects of this local deity were folded into the Eduran's view of Ayek.

Following the collapse of Whatever Local Power Was Very Big, local merchants and other enfranchised groups gained control of the land and installed themselves as the new chief power in the local states. From 1-1,000 CE, numerous local kingdoms rose and collapsed until the cities of today became somewhat recognizable. From 900-1500 CE, Eduran feudalism took root in the region.

Confederation era
The early confederation of Edury evolved from several agreements and alliances between the central states on the foothills of the Penguinne mountains and in the central Edu river valley. The earliest entity that could be called an early form of the confederation was the first meeting of the Senate, although they did not call it that in those days. At the time, it was simply a committee of representatives of four central Eduran cities and states, of which were governed by the church. Eventually, this committee became permanent, and transferred into being a legislative body to deal with issues governing the shared realms of these states.

Senatorial Wars
The Senatorial Wars of Edury were a series of wars from 1500-1660, largely in which the Centralist faction antagonized the Federalist faction in order to gain more power from the latter. The Centralist faction was mostly centered around whomever was the Daar at the time, and struggled to take more powerful from the individual states of the Confederation. The Federalists were a reactionary group who struggled to maintain the primacy of the Senate as well as the states.

Eduran Revolution
The Eduran Revolution had numerous causes, starting with wet periods and famines in the 1770's-1800. Compounded by man-made disasters in 1799, a riotous crowd started as a food riot, but soon sacked the guard house of Godenhaven. What would then follow was a conglomeration of the craftsmen, petit mercantile, and peasant estates who organized themselves into the first Assembly, overthrew the standard order and stripped the Senate and Daar of their power.

Government
The government is a de facto federal parliamentary presidential republic. Aside from the Daar, the government resides in Godenhaven, meeting in the Palace of the Republic.

Daar
The Daar was originally the executive of the old Eduran Confederation, who was in charge of the military and officiating the laws made by the Senate, and defending the independence of the confederate member-states. In the 1500s-1600s, they were often the principal actors of the Senatorial Wars, a series of civil wars and conflicts over the supremacy of the legislature, the Daar, and the states. The Daar in those days were elected for life.

Following the Eduran Revolution, the Daar has been an almost entirely symbolic figure, elected for ten year terms. Their principle job is to officiate ceremonies, of which the most important is investing the Lord-Magistrate and the Diet with authority. The Daar is the head of state today.

Lord-Magistrate
The Lord-Magistrate is the head of government, and is the chief executive of the country. They appoint the Cabinet, enforce the laws passed by the Diet, lead the coalition in the Assembly, and are point-man for the government and Cabinet. They also are able to sit as a member-at-large of the Assembly, although this is used very rarely, as the Lord-Magistrate also has veto power over laws passed by the Assembly.

The position of Lord-Magistrate was created after the Revolution of 1801, when the victorious revolutionaries agreed to neuter the Daar by giving it purely oversight powers, but needed a new executive. Taking inspiration from the chief parliamentarian of the Assemblies of many of the norther provinces, combining titles and prerogatives, they arrived at the Lord-Magistrate. Initially, the Lord-Magistrate was the presiding officer of the Assembly, but this was amended a few years after the Revolution to make the Speaker the presiding officer.

Cabinet
The Cabinet is the body of ministers appointed by the Lord-Magistrate. After a general election, the Magistrate does not require approval for appointments, but following the formation of a coalition and the investing of the new Diet, cabinet appointments require approval by the Assembly. The Cabinet is made up of Ministers, who head ministries. Each ministry is given an aspect of the running of the government, usually managing an important office or resource, or as a regulatory body. Ministers are responsible to the Lord-Magistrate, who can dismiss ministers at any time. They are referred to as "Minister of ___", which will match the title of their office, the "Ministry of ____". Some important ministers also have secondary or traditional titles, like the Minister of the Treasury (who's ministry is simply called the Treasury), also known as the Vaultmaster.

Diet
The Diet is the legislature of Edury, it's name taken from the legislature of Lathadu. The Diet, or Diet of the Commonwealth, is made up of two bodies; the Assembly, which passes laws, approves appointments, and some other things I'm thinking of, and the Senate, which approves laws passed by the Assembly.

The Diet meets in Godenhaven, in the Palace of the Republic. The Diet has its origins in the Revolution of 1801, where the victorious revolutionaries wanted the prior (and mostly informal) Assembly of the Estates to have primacy in the new government. The Assembly of the Estates was a body made up of internally elected portions of society (The nobility, the petite-merchantile, the commons and the peasants), based off the governing bodies of norther Eduran cities. Before the start of the revolution, they traditionally approved or voted against laws passed by the confederal Senate, however, this was traditional, not legal, and was often ignored. The revolutionaries, many of whom were members of the Estates, desired to flip this arrangement, and so they did.

Elections
The Assembly is elected in a mixed member proportional fashion. This means that citizens vote on two ballots; one for their local representatives, and a list of parties. Electoral constituencies are drawn on geographic or demographic basis's, and receive one representative per 200,000 people living in a constituency. Citizens may vote for as many people as there are open seats; in a constituency that elects 3 people, a person may fill in 3 names. The 3 highest voted candidates then each gain a seat. The partisan ballot has a list of all parties which are seeking election, and a voter may vote for one party. The party with the highest number of partisan votes appoints their leader as the Lord-Magistrate, and extra seats are apportioned to all the parties based on the percentage of votes they attained.

Powers and responsibilities
The Assembly is the chamber in which bills are introduced, debated, and voted on. They also provide oversight of the Lord-Magistrate, and through them, the Cabinet. Following the formation of a new government, they approve appointments made by the Magistrate. Bills are introduced in internal committees, rectified and approved by said committee, and then brought to the floor for general debate, and eventually, voting. Once bills have passed the Assembly, they then go to an appropriate member of Cabinet, who along with the Lord-Magistrate, signs the bill to be sent to the Senate.

Coalitions
As the method of elections means that it is almost impossible for any one party to control more than half of the Assembly, parties arrange themselves into coalitions. The parties who enter into a coalition typically make agreements on cabinet positions, which laws are not to be introduced, and etc., etc. The party which won the most seats (and therefor won the Magisterial seat) must form a governing coalition 90 days after an election. If the Lord-Magistrate fails to gain a coalition, then the Diet may vote to request the Daar to revoke the Lord-Magistrates power, triggering a snap election.

Senate
The Senate is mostly symbolic, and only has the power to approve legislation passed by the Assembly. If a law is rejected by the Senate, it is sent back to the Assembly for debate, amending, and re-voting.

Foreign relations
Edury's oldest ally is the Ta’arohan Republic. The relationship started as a series trading agreements between various pre-unification states, particularly the Duchy of Arandu. Due to these relationships, much culture was shared between the two peoples, including fashion, cuisine, architecture, and music. Edury today is one of the largest importers of Yerba Mate from Ta'aroha. Following the Revolution, and the unification of Ta'aroha under the Minister-Chancellor Kauane, relations increased and the Commonwealth supplied Kauane with ships-of-the-line, later with ironclads. Relations were put under strain by the interference of the Riyudic Empire and their hegemony over the area. It was revealed that the successors of Kauane and the Lord-Magistrates of Edury had a secret agreement, where Edury would provide naval aid and subsidies, and should Riyude ever be conquered, the iron ore and coal within would be mined by Edury, who coveted the minerals in the industrial revolution. Relations would be strained in the 20th century, as Ta'aroha moved from republic to military dictatorship. The two states maintained relations, but many public servants and diplomats came out to publicly denounce the military leaders and demand that the army relinquish what power they maintain in the government of the nation. In the present day, Edury remains an ally of Ta'aroha, maintaining an embassy and consulates with their partner.

Since the Revolution, most governments of Edury are loath to supply aide or warm relations with monarchial or non-republican states, although this is more of a guideline rather than a rule; for much of the 19th and 20th centuries, most governments would be willing to provide military advisors and subsidies in return for control of coveted resources, such as iron, coal, copper, and timber. In the 21st century, with the collapse of the Eduran industrial corps, demand for these resources has lessened somewhat, and governments of Edury are much less likely to provide aide or subsidies to non-Republican states.

Economy
The railway system in Edury is the oldest network in the world.

Demographics
Ayekism is the dominant religion in Edury with a minority following of Stroomism.

Culture
Eduran literature includes the Mathematically Democratic, also known as the Kaasboer Equation, by Antony Kaasboer.

Eduran food commonly revolves around cereal grains, most popular being wheat. There are more than 350 types of bread recognized by the Bakers Guild, and regulations on what is legally allowed to be marketed as bread are numerous and extremely specific. Proteins in food typically come from meat, most often chicken, goose, or goat. Beef is a popular dinner, but is not routinely among the best selling meats due to cost, and eating beef has a complicated relationship with Eduran culture. Historically, the grazing of animals such as meat-cows and pigs was a point of consternation between peasants and their lords, as the meat from these animals would customarily only be eaten by the upper class despite grazing on common land. As such, despite remaining favored foods in Edury, they are usually eaten only on special occasions, and are not common menu items. Eggs are also very popular. As tradition, the bartender spitting in your beer is very good luck when traveling abroad. Alcohol is only subject to limited regulation, with package shops not being allowed to sell to those under the age of 15, unless they bring a signed paper from their parents.

There is a divide as to what is the most important meal of the day, with the Gardeners favoring dinner, but the Besteerers favoring lunch.

Festivals and holidays in Edury are typically either commemorations of important historical events, or holdovers from its more religious past. Holidays are defined in law, with who gets those days off being an important point of contention. By law, restaurants and other recreational businesses are allowed to be open on holidays that have been celebrated ‘since time immemorial’ (i.e., generally religious holidays) but are mandated to be closed on holidays added to law after 1804. All other institutions/jobs, save for those necessary in emergencies, are required by law to be closed to give their workers the holiday off. In all, there are 37 holidays on the Eduran legal calendar, not including province-specific ones.

Culture Factions (rename later)
In modern day Edury, there are two primary subcultural groups within Eduran culture overall. The Gardeners, being the older ones, are descended from the followers of the first Blue-shade Lord-Magistrate of Edury, Barend de Boer. Named for their urban gardens and their idealization of the supposed agrarian past of Edury, they are not the descendents of farm workers, but arose as a response to the concerns of industrial-aged workers.

The Besteerers, or ‘chauffeurs’ in WikiSpeach, were given their name as a derision for the automobiles they drove. Arising in the 1920’s-40’s, they are the descendants of middle-class clerks, managers, as well as lower-class non-industrial workers (i.e., retail, servants, etc.)

Put a link to the eduran cultural iceberg here later