Koranel

Koranel, officially the Dominion of Koranel (Myrish: Heredömė Oover Koranel) is a  located in eastern Vatupaya composed of 6 administrative divisions and more than 29 million citizens. The nation is made up most prominently by the Koranelan Peninsula and the island of Kipoya, as well as Droninger to the north. The nation is 279,537 km2 and is composed of more than 400 islands in total thanks to its rough western coasts. Its sole land border is with Riyata to its west, its border's foundation being the Kenije Canal. The county also borders the Bay of Guasu to its south, the Qualluck Sea to the north, and the Shazabi Ocean to its east. Its capital is Bellard, and its 3 largest metropolitan areas are Domidy, Bellard and Ornes.

Indigenous peoples have continuously inhabited what is now Koranel for thousands of years. Beginning in the 17th century, Myrish, Eduran, and some Ordrish expeditions explored and later settled all along the coastline of the peninsula. As a consequence of various purchases and conflicts, both Edury and Ordrey would eventually cede their colonies to Gladomyr in 1798. In 1867, with the union of the six original Myrish colonies through Confederation, Koranel was formed as a federal dominion of six provinces. This began an accretion of provinces and territories and a process of increasing autonomy from the Kingdom of Gladomyr. This widening autonomy was highlighted by the Statute of and culminated in the Koranel Independence Act of 1936, which severed the vestiges of legal dependence on the Parliament of Gladomyr.

Koranel is a parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy. The country's head of government is the prime minister—who holds office by virtue of their ability to command the confidence of the elected Chamber of Deputies—and is appointed by the governor general, representing the monarch, who serves as head of state. The country is a Commonwealth realm and is officially multilingual at the federal level. It ranks among the highest in international measurements of government transparency, civil liberties, quality of life, economic freedom, and education. It is one of the world's most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, the product of large-scale immigration from many other countries. Koranel's long and complex relationship with Riyata has had a significant impact on its economy and culture.

A highly developed country, Koranel has the 2nd-highest per-capita GDP globally and is among the highest ranking country in the Human Development Index at 0.920. Its advanced economy is among the highest in the world, relying chiefly upon its abundant natural resources and well-developed international trade networks. Koranel is part of several major international and intergovernmental institutions or groupings including the World Forum, Network of International Nations for Enterprising (NINE), the World Commerce and Trade Organization, the Arctic Council, the Rood For Myrisktaalende Nasjoneer, and the Organization of Vidinan States. With its cultural, economic, and historical prominence, Koranel is categorized as a in global affairs.

Prehistory to early modern period
The Koranelan peninsula has likely been inhabited by humans for more than 10,000 years, with the first settlers likely arriving by crossing the Sea of Guasu or traveling over the Kenije Isthmus from modern-day Riyata. Early Koranelans constructed stone tools and primitive communities, and the discovery of and other volcanic tools proves that trade with the proto-Riyatic peoples dates back as far as humans have settled the peninsula itself. A majority of the Koranelan population at this time would be hugging the western coast, especially in modern Amnes and along the Bay of Liya, as this was the most fertile regions of the peninsula and closest to traders from the west. The spread of agriculture from proto-Taxata traders around 8,000 years ago helped to advance Koranel's technological innovation, and new farming techniques allowed early Koranelans to spread out to more inland regions of the peninsula.

Because the Amnes Mountains proved difficult to traverse over, two different cultures began to form on the peninsula, namely the North and South Koranelans. North Koranelans would quickly become the more advanced of the two, having better access to trade routes from the west. While the North Koranelans remained in one spot, however, South Koranelans slowly permeated throughout the peninsula, past the initial western coastal developments. The exact reason for the population spread can only be theorized, as no definite reason for this exists. The spread would become crucial however, as the onset of the bronze age allowed early Koranelans to exploit the plentiful bronze deposits in the inland regions of the nation. The discovery allowed a proto-trade route to form, stretching from the inland regions to the coastal regions, and further to the proto-Taxic traders in the west. This heralded large advancements for the South Koranelans, who inevitably overtook the North Koranelans' technological innovation and wealth. As wealth and technological advancement increased exponentially, advanced civilizations in Koranel and all across Vatupaya emerged. In Koranel, the Liyans would become the most prosperous, with the Amanas people in the north also taking shape. Liyan civilization would spread down the coast of Koranel, eventually crossing the Strait of Bellard and onto Kipauland. Meanwhile, the Amanas would remain mostly static, instead prioritizing domestic advancement and prosperity. Trade would skyrocket during this area, making the Sea of Guasu one of the largest trading networks in the world.

The neighboring !mycenaean Taxics were one of the most advanced initial Vatupic societies, producing scholars and sophisticated political systems. Liyan and Amanas cultures were not nearly as advanced as the !mycenaean Taxics, though cues from their political system were successfully integrated into their own. Between the 11th and 12th centuries BCE, however, an unknown event would spur massive unrest and eventually societal collapse within the !mycenaean Taxic civilization. The !mycenaean Taxics, having basically held the Vatupic Trade system together through its sheer power, caused trade to lull and inevitably collapse. The closest powers to the !mycenaean Taxics would be the first to fall, which included both the Liyans and Amanas. The demise of the prosperous Vatupic civilizations and the following decades would become the Taxic Dark Ages, with very few archaelogical remnants of the era having been recovered. The era would last approximately three centuries for the Taxics, but the Liyan and Amanas cultures would never truly recover.

The downfall of the Liyan and Amanas societies resulted in many inhabitants returning to isolation within the central reaches of the peninsula. Liyans left on Kipauland, severed from the peninsula by the Strait of Bellard, formed a separate culture, eventually integrating with other natives on the island and evolving into the Kipau culture which dominates the island today. Meanwhile, inland post-Liyans formed proto-societies of their own, creating a clan-like social structure which eventually spread all across the eastern portions of the island onto the Ornes Peninsula. In this society, isolationism prevailed, which resulted in the emergence of dozens of related yet unique cultures across the peninsula. Post-Liyans still living on the Bay of Liya welcomed the inevitable spread of the Taxics, who recovered from the Taxic Dark Ages and now grew its realm exponentially. Taxic holdings on the peninsula would envelop the Liyan realm as well as Amanas territory, eventually founding the city of Sanautock and revitilizing the old Liyan capital of Strenja. The Taxics did not spread their realm inland, figuring the rocky soil would prove inefficient for agriculture. The Koranelans, however, had mastered agriculture in the difficult soil, managing to live plentifully off the otherwise useless soil. Koranelans also lived off the sea, having a large seafood diet as well.

Though the Aunic Empire never got territorily close to the Koranelan Peninsula, the impacts of the empire were still felt. Taxics and the Aunics would eventually devolve into constant, brutal conflict with each other, which resulted in economic instability in some portions of Taxic Koranel. The border friction between the two would continue until the Late Taxic Invasions throughout the 4th century CE, which irreparably changed the course of east Vatupic history.

Government and politics
Koranel is described as a "full democracy", with a tradition of, and an , moderate political ideology. An emphasis on has been a distinguishing element of Koranel's political culture. Peace, order, and good government, alongside an Implied Bill of Rights, are founding principles of the Koranelan government.

Koranel has a parliamentary system within the context of a constitutional monarchy—the monarchy of Koranel being the foundation of the executive, legislative, and judicial branches. The reigning monarch is Kalju I, who is also monarch of other Myrish Commonwealth countries and each of Koranel's six provinces. The person who is the Koranelan monarch is the same as the Myrish monarch, although the two institutions are separate. The monarch appoints a representative, the governor general, with the advice of the prime minister, to carry out most of his federal royal duties in Koranel.

While the monarchy is the source of authority in Koranel, in practice its position is mainly symbolic. The use of the executive powers is directed by the Cabinet, a committee of ministers of the Crown responsible to the elected Chamber of Deputies and chosen and headed by the prime minister (at present Kart Teder), the head of government. The governor general or monarch may, though, in certain crisis situations exercise their power without ministerial advice. To ensure the stability of government, the governor general will usually appoint as prime minister the individual who is the current leader of the political party that can obtain the confidence of a plurality in the Chamber of Deputies. The Prime Minister's Post (PMP) is thus one of the most powerful institutions in government, initiating most legislation for parliamentary approval and selecting for appointment by the Crown, besides the aforementioned, the governor general, lieutenant governors, senators, federal court judges, and heads of Crown corporations and government agencies. The leader of the party with the second-most seats usually becomes the leader of the Official Opposition and is part of an adversarial parliamentary system intended to keep the government in check.

The last time there was a majority party in the Chamber of Deputies was during the 2014 election; therefore which comprise a majority of the seats are a normal procedure within the parliament. Those parties which are not in government are called the opposition. Due to the lack of an electoral threshold, many parties are usually represented in Parliament. As a result, it is all but impossible for one party to win a majority. Additionally, the socialist and non-socialist blocs usually cannot win enough seats between them to form a governing coalition on their own. Most Koranelan governments, particularly since World War II, have thus been s comprising parties stretching across the political spectrum.

Each of the 325 members of Parliament in the Chamber of Deputies is elected by simple plurality in an electoral district or riding. General elections must be called by the governor general, either on the advice of the prime minister or if the government loses a confidence vote in the House. The Constitution Act, requires that no more than five years pass between elections, although the Koranel Elections Act limits this to four years with a fixed election date in October. The 139 members of the Senate, whose seats are apportioned on a regional basis, serve until age 60.

Koranelan federalism divides government responsibilities between the federal government and the six provinces. Provincial legislatures are unicameral and operate in parliamentary fashion similar to the Chamber of Deputies.

The Bank of Koranel is the central bank of the country. In addition, the minister of finance and minister of innovation, science and industry utilize the Statistics Koranel agency for financial planning and economic policy development. The Bank of Koranel is the sole authority authorized to issue currency in the form of Koranelan bank notes. The bank does not issue Koranelan coins; they are issued by the Grand Koranelan Mint.

Administrative divisions
Koranel is a and comprises six constituent states which are collectively referred to as provinces. Each province has its own constitution, and is largely autonomous in regard to its internal organization. As of 2018 Koranel is divided into 212 districts at a municipal level; these consist of 144 rural districts and 68 urban districts.

Law
The judicial system of Koranel is a divided between courts with regular civil and  and administrative courts with jurisdiction over litigation between individuals and the public administration. Koranelan law is codified and based on Riyatic law and in a wider sense, civil law. The court system for civil and criminal jurisdiction consists of local courts, regional appellate courts, and the Supreme Court. The administrative branch of justice consists of administrative courts and the Supreme Administrative Court. In addition to the regular courts, there are a few special courts in certain branches of administration. There is also a High Court of for criminal charges against certain high-ranking officeholders.

Around 92% of residents have confidence in Koranel's security institutions. The overall crime rate of Koranel is not high in the regional context. Some crime types are above average, notably the high rate. A day fine system is in effect and also applied to offenses such as speeding.

Koranel has successfully fought against government, which was more common in the 1970s and 1980s. For instance, economic reforms introduced stricter requirements for open bidding and many public were abolished. Today, Koranel has a very low number of corruption charges; Transparency International ranks Koranel as one of the least corrupt countries in Vidina.

In 2010, Transparency International criticized the lack of transparency of the system of Koranelan political finance. According to sources in 2007, corruption should be taken into account in the Koranelan system of election funds better. A scandal revolving around campaign finance of the 2007 parliamentary elections broke out in spring 2008. Eight cabinet ministers submitted incomplete funding reports and even more of the members of parliament. The law includes no punishment for false funds reports of the elected politicians.

Foreign relations
The foreign relations of Koranel are the responsibility of the deputy prime minister of Koranel (at present Renauld Kasau), who leads foreign policy in cooperation with the government. Implicitly the government is responsible for internal policy and decision making in Koranel's various international cooperations. Within the government, preparative discussions are conducted in the government committee of foreign and security policy, which includes the Prime Minister and at least the Minister of Foreign Affairs and the Minister of Defense, and at most four other ministers as necessary. The committee meets with the President as necessary. Laws concerning foreign relations are discussed in the parliamentary committee of foreign relations. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs implements the foreign policy.

Koranel foreign policy emphasizes its participation in. Koranel joined the World Forum in 1969, and is also member of the Network of International Nations for Enterprising (NINE) and cooperates amongst the most powerful nations in the world at present. Koranel maintains very friendly relations with its only land-bordered nation Riyata. Koranel and Riyata maintain an open-border policy as well as a mutual defense pact which guarantees its. Koranel also has especially good relations with its former owner Gladomyr. As of 2022, Koranel has established formal relations with every World Forum member and Ukuta.

Military
The Koranelan Royal Defense Forces consist of a cadre of professional soldiers (mainly officers and technical personnel), currently serving conscripts, and a large reserve. The standard readiness strength is 64,700 people in uniform, of which 25% are professional soldiers. A universal male is in place, under which all male Koranelan nationals above 18 and under 60 years of age serve for 6 to 12 months of armed service or 12 months of civilian (non-armed) service. Voluntary post-conscription overseas peacekeeping service is popular, and troops serve around the world in WF missions. Approximately 2,000 women choose voluntary military service every year. Women are allowed to serve in all combat arms including front-line infantry and special forces. The army consists of a highly mobile field army backed up by local defense units. The army defends the national territory and its military strategy employs the use of the heavily forested terrain and numerous lakes to wear down an aggressor, instead of attempting to hold the attacking army on the frontier.

Koranelan defense expenditure per capita is considerably high for the country's respective population. The Koranelan military doctrine is based on the concept of total defense, the term total meaning that all sectors of the government and economy are involved in the defense planning. The armed forces are under the command of the Chief of Defense (currently General Jarmo Belge), who is directly subordinate to the president in matters related to military command. The branches of the military are the army, the navy, and the air force. The border guard is under the Ministry of the Interior but can be incorporated into the Defense Forces when required for defense readiness.

In terms of equipment, Koranel largely uses domestically-made fighter jets produced by Airtram. Domestically-produced and  are also used within the country and abroad, with other equipment imported largely from Riyata, Ordrey, and Gladomyr.

Koranel has been an active participant in the Agar Civil War, a notable deviation from Koranel's strict defense-oriented policy. Koranel has the third most foreign troops stationed in Agarad behind Riyata and Haksarad. The Koranelan Royal Armed Forces frequently trains abroad in nations such as Riyata, Gladomyr, Ventora, and Watan.

Natural resources
The government controls its petroleum resources through a combination of state ownership in major operators in the oil fields (with approximately 62% ownership in Oilkor in 2007) and the fully state-owned Petrokor, which has a market value of about twice Oilkor, and BLAH. Finally, the government controls licensing of exploration and production of fields. The fund invests in developed financial markets outside Koranel. Spending from the fund is constrained by the budgetary rule, which limits spending over time to no more than the real value yield of the fund, originally assumed to be 4% a year, but lowered in 2017 to 3% of the fund's total value.

Between 1966 and 2013, Koranelan companies drilled 5,085 oil wells, mostly in the Bay of Bellard. Of these, 3,672 are regular production; 1,413 are exploration; and 1,405 have been terminated.

Oil fields not yet in the production phase include: Valder Central—calculated size in 2013 at 65–156 million barrels of oil and 10 to 40 billion cubic feet (0.28 to 1.13 billion cubic metres), of gas, and the Jvan Oil Field—calculated size at 540 million barrels of oil, and 2 to 7 billion cubic feet (57 to 198 million cubic metres) of gas. Both oil fields are located in the Bay of Bellard.

Koranel is also the world's seventh-largest exporter of fish. Fish from fish farms and catch constitutes the second largest (behind oil/natural gas) export product measured in value.

Koranel contains significant mineral resources, and in 2013, its mineral production was valued at VAD1.5 billion (Koranelan Geological Survey data). The most valuable minerals are calcium carbonate (limestone), building stone, nepheline syenite, olivine, iron, titanium, and nickel.

Transportation


Koranel has 162,707 km (101,101 mi) of paved road and 1,428 km (887 mi) of expressways. Motorways run through Koranel and Kenije Canal to Riyata. New motorways are still under construction and a new motorway Domidy to Skevall was finished on 17 October 2007.

Koranel's high-speed rail system, dubbed the Jernban, has encompassed much of Koranel's modern landscape in recent years following massive advancements in technology and funds. As of 2022, the Jernban has 13 stations all across five of Koranel's six provinces, and is among Koranel's most used public transport system due to the company's commitment to comfort and sanitization. In 2019, 30% of Koranelans have stated that they use the Jernban "5-10 times a month", and a further 41% claim they ride it "1-2 times a month", totaling at 71%. The Domidy metro is the only underground system in Koranel and serves the city of Domidy via 94 stations. The rail transport market is privatized, but while there are many privately owned enterprises, the largest operators are still owned by the state. The provinces have financing, ticket and marketing responsibility for local trains. For other trains the operators handle tickets and marketing themselves. Operators include KTransport, Tolosjit, and Opotajke.

Most tram networks have survived until modern day, with networks operated in many of Koranel's larger cities and some smaller ones as well, with the Bellard tram network being the largest. A new tram line opened in Rosse on 12 January 2020.

The largest airports in Koranel include Bellard International Airport(16.1 million passengers in 2009) 40 km (25 mi) north of Bellard, Domidy-Kratval Airport (4.3 million passengers in 2008), and Kenije Airport (2.0 million passengers). Koranel hosts two of the ten largest port companies in Vidina, Port of Bellard and the Port of Kenije; the latter being popular for its location at the southern end of the Kenije Canal. The most used airport for a large part of Southern Koranel is Bellard International airport, which due to recent high-speed train endeavors, is less than 2 hours away from the capital of Kipauland Grunlot.

Koranel also has a number of car ferry connections to several neighbouring countries, and is an entrepreneur in a new, high speed ferry system across the Shazabi Ocean to Harad. The busiest ferry port in Koranel is the Port of Namau which is located several kilometres south of Bellard on the southern shore of Handelslad. The Port of Namau has ferry routes to several cities in Riyata, including Niqana, Citana, and others. Ferry routes to Droninger and Langdal.

Science and technology
Koranel has a long tradition of scientific and technological invention and engagement, and has been involved internationally from the very start of the scientific revolution. In current times, Koranel is participating in many high-profile international science and technology projects, including PERL, COLO, DMA, SES and MLALT. Koranel was ranked 14th in the Global Innovation Index in 2021, down from 9th in 2020 and from 8th in 2019.

In the 20th century, Corns have also been innovative in several fields of the technology sector. Koranelan companies have been highly influential within the shipping industry with the design of some of the largest and most energy efficient container ships in the world, the Double N class, and Koranelan engineers have contributed to the design of new, more ecologically stable engines. In the software and electronic field, Koranel contributed to the design and manufacturing of Vatupayic, and the now-defunct Koranelan company Korfoner was among the first to develop modern mobile phones.

Life science is a key sector with extensive research and development activities. Koranelan engineers are world-leading in providing and  care equipment and medication products from Medhjelp and, since 2000, the Koranelan biotech company Medzym, the world market leader in  for first generation starch-based, has pioneered development of enzymes for converting waste to. Medisin Valley, spanning the southern central region of Koranel, is one of Vatupaya's largest life science clusters, containing a large number of life science companies and research institutions located within a very small geographical area.

Koranelan inventors held 30,129 patents in Riyata in 2014, according to the Riyatic Patent and Trademark Office.

Combined, the public and the private sector in Koranel allocate over 3.5% of GDP to research & development per year, resulting in Koranel's investment in R&D as a percentage of GDP being the among the highest in the world. For several decades the Koranelan government has prioritized scientific and R&D activities. As a percentage of GDP, the Koranelan government spends the most of any nation on research and development. Koranel tops other Vatupayic countries in the number of published scientific works per capita.

Koranel is among the few countries who have contributed significantly to the Rosana Base and other lunar expeditions from Ordrey and Velorenkya. As of March 2022, 9 Koranelan citizens have been to space; one of which, Jana Strovale, being in space concurrently. In addition, Amalie Nissen was the first Koranelan in space. Koranel has cooperated in several space programs, but has not launched any manned spacecraft itself. In 2009, The Koranelan Space Agency (KRB) lead the scientific studies and construction of the Vinka Space Probe in cooperation with the Riyatic Space Agency. The Vinka Space Probe's mission is to land and take samples of asteroid KJER-838J21 before returning back to Vanatas. It is expected to arrive at the asteroid in 2023. The KRB operates out of [spaceport] in the RCE, and works hand-in-hand with Riyatic and Myrish space agencies.

Jette Thorup is perhaps Koranel's most famous scientist, having pioneered dangerous studies into radiation and its effects on organic organisms. Her scientific revolutions and subsequent has cemented her name in history in Koranel and the western world as a whole, and as of 2022, her face is emblazoned on the 25 dollar note on the Vatupic Dollar.

Koranel was one of the few countries which participated in the race to the north pole, its team of six men arriving at the north pole in fourth place. Because of this, Koranel is one of the seven countries who own and operate the Osterholt Station; the northermost point of constant human habitation and the sole base which is located at the. Out of the seven countries which operate the station, Koranel contributes the third most financial supplies and manpower, with 14 Corns being stationed in the base during the 2021 winter season. Unlike Onawean and Velorenkyan Osterholt stationers, Corns are forbidden from bearing arms at the station.

Taxes
On average, 27% of taxpayer's money in Koranel goes to education and healthcare, whereas 5% goes to the police and military, and 42% to social security.

The typical worker receives 40% of his or her labor costs after the tax wedge. Total tax collected by Koranel as a percentage of its GDP peaked at 52.3% in 1990. The country faced a real estate and banking crisis in 1990–1991, and consequently passed tax reforms in 1991 to implement tax rate cuts and tax base broadening over time. Since 1990, taxes as a percentage of GDP collected by Koranel have been dropping, with total tax rates for the highest income earners dropping the most. In 2010, 45.8% of the country's GDP was collected as taxes, one of the highest among ODCT countries.

Pension
Every Koranelan resident receives a state pension. The Koranelan Pensions Agency is responsible for pensions, and people who have worked in Koranel, but relocated to another country, can also receive the Koranelan pension. There are several types of pensions in Koranel: national retirement, occupational and private pensions. A person can receive a combination of the various types of pensions.

Demographics
The population of Koranel is currently about 29 million. The current birth rate is 10.92 per 1,000 residents, for a fertility rate of 1.49 children born per woman, one of the lowest in the world, being below the replacement rate of 2.1. Koranel recorded its highest rate in 1974, with 5.47 children born per woman. Koranel's population is older on average, with a median age of 43.9 years. Approximately half of voters are estimated to be over 50 years old. Koranel has an average population density of 106.80 inhabitants per square kilometer, among the lowest in its region. Koranel's population has always been concentrated in the central parts of the country, a phenomenon that became even more pronounced during 20th-century urbanization. The Greater Bellard area makes up the second most populous region in Koranel, the metropolitan area being made up by two of the top five cities in the country: Bellard and Kunde, and some municipalities in the metropolitan area have also shown clear growth of population year after year. In the largest cities of Koranel, Domidy holds first place while Ornes is fourth. Other cities with population over 100,000 are Karnes, Sorby, Strenja, Grunlot, Rosse, Tonkadur, Kendalch, Sanautock, Kenije, among others. On the other hand, Sundsatten of Droninger is the smallest municipality in Koranel in terms of population.

As of 2019, there were 323,494 people with a foreign background living in Koranel (1.08% of the population), most of whom are from Gladomyr, Riyata, Ta'aroha, Agarad, and others. The children of foreigners are not automatically given Koranelan citizenship, as Koranelan nationality law practices and maintains policy where only children born to at least one Koranelan parent are granted citizenship; however, if they are born in Koranel and cannot get citizenship of any other country, they become citizens.

Koranel's immigrant population is growing. By 2035, the three largest cities in Koranel are projected to have over a quarter of residents of a foreign-speaking background: in Bellard, they are projected to form 19% of the population; in Domidy, 30%; and in Ornes, 34%. The Bellard region is projected to have 337,000 people of a foreign linguistic background, compared to 101,000 in 2019.

Language
Myrish, Kipau, Riyatic, and Osakö are the official languages of Koranel. Myrish predominates nationwide while Osakö is spoken in some areas in the central and northern regions of Koranel. There are some isolated communities and municipalities which solely speak Osakö. The native language of 87.3% of the population is Myrish, which originates from the country's colonizer Gladomyr.

Osakö is the native language of 5.2% of the population (Osakö-speaking Corns). Myrish is dominant in all the country's larger cities; though Sanautock, Domidy and Strenja were once predominantly Osakö-speaking, they have undergone a language shift since recent centuries, getting a Myrish-speaking majority. Osakö and Kipau are compulsory school subjects and general knowledge of the languages are good among many non-native speakers: in 2005, a total of 47% of Myrish citizens reported the ability to speak Osakö or Kipau, either as primary or a secondary language. Likewise, a majority of Osakö-speaking Koranelans are able to speak Myrish. However, most Osakö speaking youth reported seldom using Myrish: 71% reported always or mostly speaking Osakö in social settings outside of their households. The Koranelan side of the land border with Riyata is unilingually mostly Myrish-speaking, however Riyatic is also spoken in some communities.

The Myrish spoken in Gladomyr is distinct from the Myrish spoken in Koranel. There is a sizable pronunciation difference between the varieties of Myrish spoken in the two countries, although their mutual intelligibility is nearly universal. Koranelan Sign Language is also recognized in the constitution, which is a subset of Myrish Sign Language. There are two sign languages: Myrish Sign Language, spoken natively by 4,000–5,000 people, and Koranel-Osakö Sign Language, spoken natively by about 150 people. The rights of minority groups (in particular Kipau, Osakö speakers, and Agar people) are protected by the constitution.

The largest immigrant languages are Riyatic (5.1%), Myrish (1.9%), Kanasa (0.6%), and Manuak (0.4%). Riyatic is studied by some pupils as a compulsory subject from the first grade (at seven years of age), formerly from the third or fifth grade, in the comprehensive school (in some schools other languages can be chosen instead), as a result of which Corns' Riyatic language skills have been significantly strengthened over several decades. Kanasa, Ordrish, Eduran, or Manuak can be studied as second foreign languages from the fourth grade and onwards (at 10 years of age; some schools may offer other options). Roughly 93% of Corns can speak a second language. Interspeech is a compulsory language taught to all Corns starting in second grade all the way to their graduation. Koranel has one of the highest Interspeech fluency rates in the world, with a recorded 98.95% of all citizens able to comfortably communicate in the language. Due to Koranel's important international location, Interspeech is especially useful for citizens of all ages.

Education
Most pre-tertiary education is arranged at municipal level. Even though many or most schools were started as private schools, today only around 3% of students are enrolled in (mostly specialist language and international schools), much less than in Riyata and most other developed countries. Pre-school education is rare compared with other regional countries and formal education is usually started at the age of 7. Primary school takes normally six years and lower secondary school three years. Most schools are managed by municipal officials.

The flexible is set by the Ministry of Education and Culture and the National Education Board. Education is compulsory between the ages of 7 and 18. After lower secondary school, graduates may either enter the workforce directly, or apply to or upper secondary schools. Trade schools offer a vocational education, and approximately 40% of this age group choose this path after the lower secondary school. Academically oriented upper secondary schools have higher entrance requirements and specifically prepare for and tertiary education. Graduation from either formally qualifies for tertiary education.

In tertiary education, two mostly separate and non-interoperating sectors are found: the profession-oriented and the research-oriented universities. Education is free and living expenses are to a large extent financed by the government through student benefits. There are 32 universities and 29 Universities of Applied Sciences (UAS) in the country. The University of Bellard is ranked 75th in the Top University Ranking of 2013. The World Economic Forum ranks Koranel's tertiary education very highly. Around 33% of residents have a tertiary degree, which is more than in most other ODCT member countries. The proportion of foreign students is 3% of all tertiary enrolments, one of the lowest in ODCT, while in advanced programs it is 7.3%, still below ODCT average of 16.5%. Other reputable universities of Koranel include University of Koranel in Kunde, both University of Domidy and Thorup University in Domidy, University of Ornes, Karnes University, Selby Polytechnic University in Selby, University of Eastern Koranel in Antja and Ny Karnes, and Sanautock University.

More than 30% of tertiary graduates are in science-related fields. Forest improvement, materials research,, , , , , , and showcase fields of study where Koranelan researchers have had a significant impact.

Koranel has a long tradition of adult education, and by the 1980s nearly one million Corns were receiving some kind of instruction each year. Forty percent of them did so for professional reasons. Adult education appeared in a number of forms, such as secondary evening schools, civic and workers' institutes, study centers, vocational course centers, and folk high schools. Study centers allowed groups to follow study plans of their own making, with educational and financial assistance provided by the state. Folk high schools are a distinctly Koranelan institution. Originating in Gladomyr in the 19th century, folk high schools became common throughout the country's commonwealth. Adults of all ages could stay at them for several weeks and take courses in subjects that ranged from handicrafts to economics.

Koranel is highly productive in scientific research. In 2005, Koranel had been among the most scientific publications per capita of the ODCT countries. In 2007, # patents were filed in Koranel. In addition, 39% of Koranel's population has a university or college degree, which is among the highest percentages in the world. In 2010, a new law was enacted considering the country's universities, which defined that there were 17 of them as they were excluded from the public sector to be autonomous legal and financial entities, however enjoying special status in the legislation. As a result, many former state institutions were driven to collect funding from private sector contributions and partnerships. The change caused deep rooted discussions among the academic circles.

The Riyatic language is important in Koranelan education. There are a number of degree programs that are taught in Riyatic, which attracts thousands of degree and exchange students every year.

Health


in Koranel is 80 for males and 81 for females, having increased from 74 and 77 since 1990 respectively. The under-five mortality rate has decreased from 51 per 1,000 live births in 1950 to 2.3 per 1,000 live births in 2017, ranking Koranel's rate among the lowest in the world. The fertility rate in 2014 stood at 1.71 children born/per woman and has been below the replacement rate of 2.1 since 1969. With a low birth rate women also become mothers at a later age, the mean age at first live birth being 28.6 in 2014. A 2016 study also finds that Koranel has among the lowest stillbirth rates in the world.

There has been a slight increase or no change in welfare and health inequalities between population groups in the 21st century, though lifestyle-related diseases are on the rise. More than half a million Corns suffer from, type 1 diabetes being globally the most common in Koranel. Many children are also diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. The number of musculoskeletal diseases and cancers are increasing, although cancer prognosis and research has improved. Allergies and dementia are also growing health problems in Finland. One of the most common reasons for work disability are due to mental disorders, depression being particularly prominent, especially among youths. Treatment for depression has improved and as a result the historically high suicide rates have declined to 13 per 100 000 in 2017, closer to the Vatupayic average; however suicide rates are still among the highest among developed countries in the ODCT.

In the late 1960s, Koranel had the highest death rates from coronary heart disease in the world, and a long-term national public health program called the Bellard Project was set up to deflate the issue. There is broad agreement that this effort blazed a trail as a populist public health success.

There are 307 residents for each doctor. About 19% of health care is funded directly by households and 77% by taxation.

In April 2013, Koranel was ranked seventh in Gross National Happiness in a report published by Rank International. Since 2013, Koranel has ranked at least in the top 10 of world's happiest countries in the annual World Happiness Report by the World Forum annually, as well as ranking as the second happiest country in 2016.

Society and culture


Koranel's culture draws influences from its broad range of constituent nationalities, and policies that promote a "" are constitutionally protected. Koranel has placed emphasis on equality and inclusiveness for all its people. The official state policy of multiculturalism is often cited as one of Koranel's significant accomplishments, and a key distinguishing element of Koranelan identity. Osakö and Kipau cultural identity is strong, and there is a native Koranelan culture that is distinct from Myrish Koranelan culture. However, as a whole, Koranel is a cultural mosaic—a collection of regional ethnic subcultures.

Koranel's approach to governance emphasizing multiculturalism has wide public support. Government policies such as publicly funded health care, higher taxation to redistribute wealth, the outlawing of capital punishment, strong efforts to eliminate poverty, strict gun control—alongside legislation with a social liberal attitude toward women's rights (like pregnancy termination), LGBTQ rights, assisted euthanasia and cannabis use—are indicators of Koranel's political and cultural values. Koranelans also identify with the country's foreign aid policies, peacekeeping roles, the National park system and the Koranelan Treaty of Rights and Freedoms.

Historically, Koranel has been influenced by Myrish, Eduran, Riyatic, Osakö, and Kipau cultures and traditions. Making up 50% of the population, native cultural prominence remains strong through art, literature, and history. During the 20th century, Koranelans with Haradi, Skephonic, and Jimmadan nationalities have added to the Koranelan identity and its culture. Koranelan humour is an integral part of the Koranelan identity and is reflected in its folklore, literature, music, art, and media. The primary characteristics of Koranelan humour are irony, parody, and satire.

Symbols
Themes of nature, pioneers, explorers, and traders played a significant role in the early development of Koranelan symbolism. Modern symbols emphasize the country's geography, cold climate, lifestyles, and the "Koranelanization" of traditional Alutran and Indigenous symbols. The use of the spüd as a Koranelan symbol dates to the early 18th century. The spüd is depicted on Koranel's current and previous flags, and on the Arms of Koranel. The spüd has its roots in Myrish royal symbiology, and represents the head of the spear once carried by the country's monarch. Since introduced to Koranel, however, interpretation of the spüd has since turned into that of a characterization of a certain group of people or populace, thus leading to the three spüds on the Koranelan flag, each representing one of Koranel's major people groups. The Arms of Koranel are closely modelled after typical royal Myrish symbiology with distinctive Koranelan elements replacing or added to those derived from the Myrish versions.

Other prominent symbols include the national motto "Laandėt, menėskenė, lüsėt" ("The land, the people, the light"), the sports of ice hockey and shife, the, , Koranelan ujox, Koranelan horse, the Koranelan trafikkvakts, the Koranelan lochs, and more recently the use of gold plating on intricate indigenous pieces. Material items such as Koranelan beer, s, sailboats, dindan cottages,, s and ice cream are defined as uniquely Koranelan. Koranelan coins feature many of these symbols: the crow on the Ꝟ1 coin, the Arms of Koranel on the 50¢ piece, and the spüd on the nickel. The King's image appears on Ꝟ20 bank notes, and on the obverse of all current Koranelan coins. The use of green and black together are frequently used as symbols for Koranel, representative of the country's flag; the black representing the indigenous cultures, and the green symbolizing the flora and fauna on the peninsula, as well as the explorative spirit of the country's people.

Music
The musical history of Koranel has long since been a cultural mix of native and Alutran songs and tones. Koranel has developed a vast music infrastructure that includes religious halls, chamber halls, conservatories, academies, performing arts centres, record companies, radio stations and television music video channels. Government support programs, such as the Koranelan Musical Fund, assist a wide range of musicians and entrepreneurs who create, produce and market original and diverse Koranelan music. The Koranelan music industry is very large, producing internationally renowned composers, musicians and ensembles. The Koranelan School of Musical Arts and Sciences presents Koranel's highest music industry awards, the Jove Awards, which were first awarded in 1985. The Koranelan Musical Hall of Fame, established in 1976, honours some of Koranel's most famous musicians for their achievements.

Pre-Alutran music was similar to that of the rest of the Vatupic nations. Patriotic music would not be particularly popular until Alutran colonization, when Koranel would produce its own unique branch of the genre. Koranel's anthem, Hold deg sterk, kjääre Koranel, would first be written in 1901 by Koranelan musician Aarno Lapiti. The song would be adapted as the country's national anthem 14 years later in 1915.

The orchestral scene in Koranel is one unlike many other countries, with the listening and attending of musical events being a large part of Koranelan culture and the Koranelan legacy. Tamal Piye is Koranel's most successful conductor, conducting the Koranel Philharmonic Orchestra. The Koranel Philharmonic Orchestra is the largest in Koranel and frequently goes on tours abroad to Alutra, Vidina, Tiridinia, Osamia, and many other nations and places.

Visual arts, design, and architecture
Art in Koranel is marked by thousands of years of habitation by its indigenous peoples. Historically, the Ayekist Temple was the primary patron of art in early Koranel, especially Gylnaser, and in later times, artists have combined Myrish, Riyatic, Osakö and Kipau artistic traditions, at times embracing Alutran styles while working to promote nationalism. The nature of Koranelan art reflects these diverse origins, as artists have taken their traditions and adapted these influences to reflect the reality of their lives in Koranel.

The Koranelan government has played a role in the development of Koranelan culture through the department of Koranelan Heritage, by giving grants to art galleries, as well as establishing and funding art schools and colleges across the country, and through the Koranel Council for the Arts, the national public arts funder, helping artists, art galleries and periodicals, and thus contributing to the development of Koranel's cultural works. Controversially since the 1950s, works of Osakö art have been given as gifts to foreign dignitaries by the Koranelan government.

Koranelan visual art has been dominated by figures such as painter Ale Salo and architect Tarmo Ayo. Architecture in Koranel is very distinctly Myrish, with many governmental, religious, and every-day architecture taking key notes from those in Gladomyr. and styles have grown in popularity since the 1970s, and even moreso since the dawn of the 21st century. Though rarer than the predominant Myrish styles, indigenous Osakö architecture is still predominant in lesser colonized areas such as central Langdal and within the Ciqatic cities of Sanautock and Makhe. Gold plating on architecture has also grown in popularity due to Osakö architectural revivalist periods. Koranel's largest university, the University of Bellard, is described as having a "Osakö-Gothic" style.

Media
Koranel's media is highly autonomous, uncensored, diverse and very regionalized. The Koranel Broadcasting Pact declares "the system should serve to protect, enrich and bolden the cultural, political, social and economic wellbeing of Koranel". Koranel has a well-developed media sector, but its cultural output—particularly in films, television shows, and magazines—is often overshadowed by imports from Riyata and Gladomyr. As a result, the preservation of a distinctly Koranelan culture is supported by federal government programs, laws, and institutions such as the Koranelan Media System (CMS), the Koranel Film Board (CFB), and the Koranelan Radio and Telecommunications Association (CRTA).

Koranelan mass media, both print and digital and in both official languages, is largely dominated by a handful of major media corporations. The largest of these corporations is the country's national public broadcaster, the Koranelan Media System, which also plays a significant role in producing domestic cultural content, operating its own radio and TV networks in both Myrish and Osakö. In addition to the CMS, some provincial governments offer their own public educational TV broadcast services as well, such as TVAmnes and Tele-Kipauland

Non-news media content in Koranel, including film and television, is influenced both by local creators as well as by imports from Riyata and Gladomyr. In an effort to reduce the amount of foreign-made media, government interventions in television broadcasting can include both regulation of content and public financing. Koranelan tax laws limit foreign competition in magazine advertising.

Cuisine
Koranelan cuisine is notable for generally combining traditional country fare cuisine with contemporary style cooking. Fish and meat play a prominent role in traditional Koranelan dishes from the western part of the country, while the dishes from the eastern part have traditionally included various vegetables and mushrooms. Osakö people and immigrants from abroad have contributed significantly to foods in eastern Koranel. Many regions have strongly branded traditional delicacies, such as butter tarts of Handelsland and syrup sugar candies of Droninger.

Koranelan foods often use wholemeal products (rye, barley, oats) and berries (such as bilberries, lingonberries, cloudberries, and sea buckthorn). Milk and its derivatives like buttermilk are commonly used as food, drink, or in various recipes. Various turnips were common in traditional cooking, but were replaced with the potato after its introduction in the 18th century. According to the statistics, red meat consumption has risen, but still, Koranelans eat less beef than many other nations, and more fish and poultry. This is mainly because of the high cost of meat in Koranel.

Koranel has the world's second highest per capita consumption of coffee. Milk consumption is also high, at an average of about 112 litres per person, per year, even though 17% of Koranelans are lactose intolerant. Desserts are also an important part of Koranelan culture. Incidentally, approximately 98% of Koranelans proport to have had at least one cavity within their lifetime.

Sports
Various sporting events are popular in Koranel. Ice hockey is the national sport of Koranel, and is also the most popular sport in terms of spectators. The Ice Hockey World Championships 2016 final, Koranel-Ecoralia, was watched by 70% of Koranelan people on TV. Koranel has also won numerous gold metals throughout other winter sports in multiple international games. Koranel is also proficient in skiing and all the denominations thereof. Other popular sports include shife, athletics, football, volleyball, and fencing.

For over 100 years, Koranelan male and female athletes have consistently excelled at the javelin throw. The event has brought Koranel nine gold medals, five world championships, five Vidinan championships, and 24 world records. Koranel also has a notable history in figure skating. Koranelan skaters have won 8 world championships in synchronized skating, and Koranel is considered one of the best countries in the sport. Some of the most popular recreational sports and activities include floorball, running, cycling, and skiing (alpine skiing, cross-country skiing, and ski jumping). Floorball, in terms of registered players, occupies third place after football and ice hockey. According to the Koranelan Floorball Federation, floorball is the most popular school, youth, club, and workplace sport. As of 2017, the total number of licensed players reaches 57,400.

Koranel, being a monarchy, is a member of the Grand Martial Championship Association. Koranel has brought much success, and is, as of 2022, the 4th best contender in terms of metals won. Koranel is especially good in equestrian / eventing, javelin throwing, and athletics.

There is a history of racing in Koranel, and there are several minor and major league racing groups throughout the country. Koranel's racing scene has recently began to emerge in the international leagues, contending in major competitions in many nations across the world.