Yuchvan

Yuchvan (Tenkogul: Yuchvan; pronounced: //, officially the United Communities of Yuchvan (in Tenkogul: u'Yuchvani Samen Hayê; pronounced: /ʊ jʊxvæn sæme hajɪ/) is a country located in insular Osamia, being the largest in the world in terms of number of islands, comprising a total of 14,309 of them. It has no land borders with any country, and is separated from Takjaana by the strait to the west. The country is a, with the  and president being elected by secret . Its  is Asuê, which is also its largest city with more than 3 million inhabitants. It is the tenth and second largest economy in the world in terms of.

With its territory being located between the temperate zone and the polar circle, Yuchvan has cold climates with harsh winters. Its territory is geologically unstable, as it is located in a region of convergence of tectonic plates, which causes, in addition to earthquakes, the occurrence of volcanoes, with more than 100 active.

Yuchvan's history has been influenced by foreign peoples since the emergence of its first cities. In the Middle Ages, most of the western islands were colonized or transformed into vassal states. In the 17th century, Salia began a process of colonization of Yuchvan, which remained in that state until 1960, with the end of the War of Independence. Yuchvan's culture and religion absorbed a lot from the neighboring peoples of Osamia.

With 35.6 million inhabitants, it is the second most populous nation on the continent, and the tenth in the world. Its inhabitants are separated into several ethnic groups, among which the Sarani, Tugatchek and Jugari stand out. There is also great linguistic diversity, with more than 16 languages and dialects being spoken in the country, the most important being the Tenkogul language and the Sarani language, spoken together by 80% of the population.

Etymology
Yuchvan comes from Daklamitsi, an extinct language spoken by the Ancient Togasu civilization, and which based today's Tenkogul as well as other languages. Yuchvan comes from Yuch (sea) and van (people), thus meaning "people of the sea". This term also referred to seafaring civilizations throughout Osamia, assuming a regional character only in the 15th century, when the state of Tchugal Qulkat used the term for the first time to refer to its sphere of influence.

The Sarani and Tihikti languages ​​use Wotangaran and Tunkele, which mean respectively "Eastern Nation" and "Our Kingdom". Wotangaran was also the name of an expansionist project of the Saranite civilizations. During the Keigai era of Saranite rule, immediately before Gemurtrak's conquests of the western islands, Wotangaran was the official name of the empire that comprised almost all of modern Yuchvan. "Tunkele" appeared around the same time, adopted when the Wahatang were conquered by Wotangaran.

Pre-history
Yuchvan was one of the last territories to receive human occupation, since its colonization took place around the end of the. about 15-20 thousand years ago. As the Yuchvan Islands were connected by land strips or, occupation of the main islands was relatively quick after the arrival of the first homo-sapiens on Tatsumori. The prehistoric peoples of Yuchvan divided into two large groups: fishermen and hunters. Hunters inhabited the interior of larger islands such as Saran, Togasû and Bayktaar, and as the name implies, they lived by. They fed on game meat from small animals, fish, molluscs and fruits. Their records are greater in caves, in which they recorded daily life, hunting, dancing and wars with other groups in paintings. Fishing peoples were less, as they settled at fixed points on the coast. Their food base is basically made up of seafood, and the piles of shellfish shells consumed by them are one of the main vestiges of these men.

Around 3000 years BCE, the first signs of {[wp|agriculture}} emerged, with the domestication of wheat native to the Far Isles in Manyka. But in the south, in Saran, Togasû and Bayktar, tubers and barley were also cultivated around the same period. Agriculture coincided with the increase in the size of communities, which became villages of underground houses or houses made of wood and baked brick. It is estimated that at this time the first major Yuchvan war took place, due to the many records of fighting in Saran Central. A few centuries after the emergence of agriculture, there was an improvement in shipbuilding techniques, which meant the intensification of territorial occupation through the colonization of other islands and also the exchange between cultures.

Ancient Era
Around 2,000 BC, communities of up to 600 men gave way to cities with high walls, and with that, the organization of society also changed. Previously, there was an equal division of labor and earnings, and land was considered uktar (of all), but later, some families concentrated the best land, and controlled trade, achieving a higher status. It was the beginning of the era of the Clans, in which a family owned land where their servants worked, and obtained products that were traded with other cities by sea. Some families from certain cities united, forming the first.

The first great city of Yuchvan was built by the Niq people, and it was called Wodung. Wodung was made up of two rings. It was mostly made of wood with fired bricks and clay. All their houses had ovens and fireplaces, and some were devoted to mining and. It had 124 houses, 32 within the inner ring and 92 in the outer ring. All Faced An Inner Circular Street, The Scene of Religious Rituals. It also had drained sewage and irrigation channels and ditches for the arable fields located outside. Close to the sea in what is now the Manyka region, Wodung sold metal items to neighboring towns, which helped to consolidate his power in the region. It became the center of Niq's Thalassocracy. The Niq peoples had great contact with the civilizations of the south, even establishing merchant cities in the north of Saran, Baykhatut and Togasû. They were the first to adopt, and had a wide command of metals and shipbuilding. Their cities had imposing temples, many pyramids and many hanging gardens in commercial and government buildings.

Yuchvan was composed, at that time, by four main : the Succhos, or peoples of the center, who inhabited the region of the central islands and eastern Saran, the Sung, who inhabited the western islands, the Niq, who inhabited the northern islands and colonies scattered across central Yuchvan, and the Bayktarians, who inhabited the icy lands of Bayktar and other southern islands. Of these, the Succhos and Niq were the only non-hunters and gatherers, and the Niqs established a great naval empire that stood out among the rest.

Niq Era (400 BCE)
Niq's supremacy culminated in invasions to the south, in 400 BCE, led by Wabatanga Arms of a Girl, which led to the establishment of several trading posts and occupation colonies (due to the search for arable land) in Bayktar, Togasû and Saran, which became the confrontation with native peoples is inevitable. The invasions to the south lasted more than a century, and caused violent clashes by Succos and Niqs, which ended in several cities being liquidated by the invaders. Thanks to this event, the Succhos were forced to migrate to the eastern and most western lands, inhabited respectively by Sungs and Bayktarians. This caused miscegenation and conflicts between these peoples. In Togasû, occupied by the Niqs, the Succhos obtained a lower social status and many were enslaved.

The low number of shipwrecks dating back to the 3rd century BCE (which indicates a decline in trade) and some written records indicate that the Niq thalassocracy went into decline around that time. The causes were likely corruption, misunderstandings among central clan families, aspirations of regional elites, and revolts by oppressed classes such as slaves and Succho serfs. In 250 BCE, the Niq Empire broke up, and the smaller successor states in the south were unable to contain revolts by the oppressed classes. Hulkpaat the Liberator led a series of revolts against the Niq clans in Togasû and established a unified state on the island, the Uq Dynasty.

Uq Dinasty (200 BCE)
The Uq Dynasty, under the command of the Hulkpaat family, adopted the Niq writing system, replaced the clan militias with a regular army and navy, and abolished all forms of slavery (even freeing Niq slaves obtained in the war of liberation). Hulkpaat also used the traditional religion of the Succho, elements of Niq beliefs, and texts taken from revelation (by the goddess Providence) to establish a new religion that had the emperor as a demigod. Hulkpaat and his sons, according to priestly records, received several revelations from the goddess Providence (Imiq) who said that the Uq Dynasty would be destined to free all peoples from the domains of the Niq state. Thus, the Uq Dynasty justified its naval supremacy and expansionism, from the invasion of Niq port colonies in Saran and Bayktar, from the first century of the common era.

Salish colonization
In 1607, the Naval State was at its best, controlling several islands and ports in the Yuchvan archipelago and in -, where, , , and {[wp|sugar}} were produced and trafficked. As Salia's presence increased, conflicts between the Naval State and that country began to appear. The Naval State went into decline around 1647 with the death of the legendary Nori Sacchi, and progressively, its ports came under the control of Salia, marking the beginning of colonization. In 1652, the king of Tchugal Qulkat, Sun-de III Tchahamasetk declared himself the legitimate successor to the throne of Saran, starting a three-sided war (Sun-de against his nephew, who claimed the throne, and both against the republicans, who wanted to remove Saran from the influence of Tchugal Qulkat). The war was costly for both sides, who also suffered from eruptions, tsunamis and peasant revolts. Jugar Kolkat won and conquered the island of Saran with Salia's assistance, but the Empire was left unstable, poor and indebted to Salia. The descendants of Sun-de III progressively yielded to the wishes of the colonial power, giving commercial advantages, and even ceding several port areas.

Foreign influence displeased some members of the nobility, who together with disaffected peasants and fishermen, carried out a coup d'état in 1687, when they dethroned Naihat I, and established the Regency of the Five Regions. This regency tried to undo Salia's influence and even bombed that country's ports in the archipelago, causing Admiral - to bomb the capital city Assul and begin, along with the army loyal to the former emperor, the overthrow of the regency. After a great civil war, the Restorers won, with support from Salia, and Yuhuchefa, nephew of Naihat I, ascended the throne and renamed Jugar Kulkat to the Yuchevan Empire. The debts to Salia grew even more and the intervention in domestic politics was wide open. Yuhuchefa has weakened local elites while making room for Salia merchants to have political powers. The admiral himself - became the emperor's adviser. Yuchevan became a protectorate, remaining in that system until 1960, when the All People's War toppled the colonial regime in the midst of World War II.

Demographics
Yuchvan's population is 35,363,738, according to estimates for 2021 by the National Institute of Geographical Statistics. This makes the country the tenth most populous country in the world, and the second most populous in Osamia, second only to Gemurtrak. The spatial distribution of the Yuchi population is strongly influenced by climate, so that most of the population is in the northern half of the country, where winters are less severe and there are more resources.

Ethnic groups
The Yuchi people are not homogeneous, being composed of different ethnicities and mixtures, which also influence the language issue. The main ethnic groups are Sarani, Tugatchek, Tchukari, Deichî and Wahatang, which together make up more than 90% of the population. The government recognizes a total of 31 ethnic groups.

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The Sarani ethnic group mainly inhabits the island of Saran, which is the most populous in the country. Although Sarani is also the name of a language, around 33% of Saranis speak Tenkogul as their first language, these being the inhabitants of the eastern part of Saran. The other Saranis, from the western part, speak mainly Sarani, and in their minority Katung and Guansû. The Sarani make up 27% of the population.

The Tukatcheks and Tchukari share the same space: Togasû Island and the Outlying Islands. In these regions, there is no major ethnic group, as Tukatchek and Tchukari generally account for 30-50% of the population each, and together they add up to more than 80%. On the more eastern and southern islands, there is greater ethnic diversity, with the Deichî and other peoples such as the Tlisjakok and Aruat sharing space. In the north, in the Northern Outlying Islands, the Wahatang ethnic group shares space with the Deichî and other ethnic groups such as the Sarani, Tugatchek and Tchukari.

Languages ​​
The Yuchvan Constitution recognizes a total of 16 national languages, but only Tenkogul has official language status, the rest being co-official. Tenkogul receives this status because it is spoken by more than half of the population (58.25%) as a first language, and is used in commercial settings. The second most relevant language is Sarani, spoken by 22.9% of the population. Tihikti is spoken by 5.0% of the population, followed by Laswhat, with 3.8%, by Remî, with 3.8%, and Arouat, with 3.0%. Other languages ​​spoken are Tlisjakok, Katunt, Guansû, Contun, Tantabi, Qulpaqaqo'ut, Negerowoto, Sâksi, Popuranto and Kiminâ, which are spoken by 3.0% of the population. 0.25% of Yuchi have as their first language other languages, which are not mentioned in the constitution.

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Government and politics
Yuchvan is a semi-presidential federal republic, and its rulers and lawmakers are elected by secret universal suffrage in elections that take place every four years. Since it embraces semi-presidentialism, the president and prime minister share important roles in government. The parliament is bicameral, consisting of the Assembly of Communities and the Assembly of People's Representatives. Yuchvan's subdivisions, called communities, also have their own elected governments.

Executive
Yuchvan's president is elected for an eight-year term, with no re-election allowed. In elections, the winner is the one who obtains the highest approval, within the ranked voting system. His attribution is to appoint the prime minister, approve the names for the ministries, be the supreme commander of the armed forces, appoint Supreme Court judges, award prizes and honors, sign or veto laws and represent the country abroad as head of state. The president also holds important positions, such as President of the Assembly of Communities, having the right to one vote, and has an attribution equivalent to the position of minister of foreign affairs, or secretary of state in other countries. The current president is Sutane Zarukt, who has been in office since 2017.

The prime minister is appointed by the president, and can be dismissed at any time by him. It is his duty to appoint the ministers of state and send the budget for the year after to parliament. It assumes the role of party leader in parliament, and must, in addition to having the president's approval, have the approval of at least 20% of the party's affiliates. As such, the prime minister is often chosen from a list already drawn up by the party. The prime minister is more focused on the country's internal politics, being rarely seen at conferences and official trips abroad, occasions where the president is present.

Legislative
The legislature is elected every 4 years, being composed of the Assembly of People's Representatives, with 401 elected delegates, and the Assembly of Communities, with - representatives. They are respectively the upper and lower chambers of Yuchvan. To be elected to any public office in Yuchvan, you must have a college degree or a military career. In the case of delegates from the lower chamber, they must be over 25 years old, while those from the upper chamber must be over 45. The upper chamber is composed of 2 representatives from each community, one being elected and one appointed by parliament, and 10 more % of members nominated for a single year, from varied backgrounds, such as nominations from unions, universities, and the armed forces. 15% of delegates from the lower house also have this condition.

In communities there is a minister-president per community and a Community Assembly. In the districts, there is a governor and a District Chamber, all of which are elected by universal suffrage. Yuchvan's constitution dates back to 1971, the year of the end of the hardest period of the socialist regime.

Political parties
In Yuchvan, there are - political parties in parliament: the Revolutionary Process Party, the Liberal Party, the Solidarity Party, the Center Party and the Communist Party. Despite this variety, especially at the national level, the Revolutionary Process Party has ruled Yuchvan since its founding, characterizing the country as a dominant-party state.

Subdivisions
Yuchvan is a of 23 subnational units, among these, 22 have the status of community (hayê) and there is a federal territory, which is Tipakhualiq. The constitution establishes that they are autonomous entities, that is, they have the right to, self-legislation and self-collection. Its chief executives are called minister-presidents, and are chosen by universal suffrage for a four-year term. Each federal unit elects its representatives independently. The communities and the federal territory also have a legislative body, the Legislative Chambers. Secession from a federal entity is prohibited, but units can join or be created through the approval of the federal parliament followed by a referendum, as with Asue, who was a community before joining Aykhaal due to the level of integration with nearby cities. In turn, communities are divided into districts (there are 315 in total), which are the smallest subdivision established by the constitution, and are generally equivalent to a city, a group of integrated small towns, or even a main city and a satellite city.

The executive at the subnational levels (communities, territories and districts) follows the, that is, it is divided among a certain number of people, who form the Government Directorate (or Public Policy Directorate, at the district level), and generally have specific functions, assuming a department of their qualification. The difference between the federal territory and the communities is that the communities have senators in the national upper chamber. Also, Tipakhualiq is not divided into districts. The communities were designated according to the historical kingdoms of Yuchvan and their respective languages, cultures and ethnicities, but this does not prevent the existence of communities of great diversity.

In addition to the official division into communities and districts, for statistical purposes four national regions are established: the Western Islands (in red on the map), the Central Islands (in blue), the Southern Islands (in green) and the Northern Islands ( in yellow). The of the judiciary are organized according to this regionalization. It is also common for statistical data, news and emergency alerts to refer to the name of the main islands. Thus, Northern Saran, Western Saran, Central Saran and Eastern Saran are grouped together on the Island of Saran, while Baslaat and Aykhaal are on the Island of Togasû and Nikitihuaaq, Lashwa and Ununavat form the Island of Bayktar.

Economy
Yuchvan is a that, since 1970, has transformed itself from a closed economy, linked to  and, to an emerging multi-sector economy, from one of the highest growth rates in the world, in the known period. as "Miracle of Togasû". This remarkable economic growth occurred through manufacturing and a workforce that gradually became highly skilled, leading to a boom in, , and  exports. It is the second largest economy in Osamia and the twelfth and second in the world, both in terms of nominal, at 608.7 billion in 2020, and in the metric of purchasing power parity, at almost 1.1 trillion dollars. The GDP per capita is around 20 thousand dollars. Yuchvan's exports reached $371 billion in 2020, making the country one of the world's leading exporters. Among the main products exported by Yuchvan are automobiles, automobile parts and accessories, clothing and accessories, plastic, electrical machinery and equipment, and electronics and circuits.

Its economy has a strong presence of the, with the state being responsible for more than 60% of housing in cities, in addition to controlling all through the kupahayet, agricultural  aimed at production for the domestic market, with division of almost equal earnings among its members. In addition, the State holds a monopoly of and  services through YTelecom, owns the country's main, ModYuchvan, controls the entire health and education system, highways, railways, ports and airports, in addition to owning a large investment fund, the Yuchvan Develepment Fund, which invests in the country's leading technology and defense companies. The state also owns a state-owned, and  mining company, a state-owned  company and an oil and by-products extraction, refining and distribution company, YuchiPetro. In the private sector, several companies stand out in various sectors, such as Kaia, Guangda, San-Y, Loson, Mobi, TKU and Psek in the automobile, auto parts, agricultural and mining equipment sector;  Dankaropa, Rangsak, Augius, TechNoma, SiViat, in the electronics and semiconductor sector;  Tomasâg and Vikom in the internet services sector;  Kailul and Rokko, in the steel sector;  and Jupli, Skay and Doknik, in the clothing and accessories sector. Such companies were mostly founded between 1985 and 2000. The presence of was once strong, mainly due to the attraction policies in the period of the economic miracle, but currently it is limited. Transnational corporations lost space to local companies,  thanks to the actions of the State. The major industrial centers are located in Yuchvan's largest cities, such Asue and Batutang, which hold together one third of all national industrial production.

Yuchvan is a very economy, with high import tariffs and also difficulties for multinationals to act, although, in some metrics, it comes out as a pleasant place to do business. The responsible for the country's current economic situation was the result of heavy investments in, ,  and , as well as the attraction of multinationals through low taxes, de-bureaucratization and cheap labor, policies adopted in the 70-80s that resulted in a peak of growth in the 90s, where Yuchvan automobiles and electronics achieved a high quality standard and conquered several markets around the world. The video game consoles produced in the country, personal computers and televisions stand out.

The primary sector is strongly linked to the state. In agriculture, the cultivation of, , , and  predominates, all of which are aimed at the domestic market, as there is no great export culture. In livestock raising, and  stand out. is allowed in the country, and practiced on a large scale. Even though the country has legislation to prevent the disappearance of species, non-governmental entities accuse Yuchvan of allowing predatory hunting that is causing a considerable reduction in the number of individuals of species of whales and fish, such as. Agricultural properties in the country are predominantly small-medium, being all subordinate to the Ministry of Agriculture. Within them, the workers' cooperative regime is in force, thus, the collectivization of the countryside is one of the main legacies of in the country. Mining is predominantly state-owned, and focuses on mining copper, bauxite, tin, gold and manganese. YuchPetro is the only oil and gas exploration company in the country, and since 2010 it has been undertaking a large oil exploration project at high depths, below a large layer of salt. When this exploration is made possible, it is expected that the country can become an oil exporter. The major mining locations are Saran island, for copper, the Central Island regions, for bauxite and manganese, and the Bayktar island for mining.

is relatively strong in the country. In 2019, Yuchvan received 10.6 million tourists, who generated around 14 billion dollars for the economy. The country's main tourist destinations are the beaches in the north, and the nature reserves of the southern islands, famous for their trails and mountains. In addition, visiting ancient temples and palaces also attracts many. Another sector that drives tourism is gambling, which are concentrated in Batutang. The country has 163 casinos, including one that runs on a decommissioned, the Batutang Entertainment Carrier, which is the most visited by foreigners.

Transport
Yuchvan's transport infrastructure ranges from developed to underdeveloped depending on the location analyzed. This inequality is largely due to the mountainous terrain and dispersed geography of the islands, but it is also due to the inequality of government investment, which has historically prioritized the industrial and more densely populated areas of Togasû and Saran. The National Road Authority manages all 125,676 kilometers of in Yuchvan, of which 65.5% is paved. , vans and are commonly available in major cities and towns. There are 8.7 million vehicles registered in the country. The areas with the highest road density are the islands of Saran and Togasû, where most of the population lives.



The country has 615, managed by the National Aeronautical Authority, which is also responsible for managing airports and implementing air transport security policies. The largest and busiest airport is Gang Tsun Kmet International Airport, located in Asue, the country's capital, which received more than 27 million passengers in 2016. ModYuchvan (FlyYuchvan) is a state-owned and leading airline in the country, with 267 destinations. It has the subsidiary National Airways, for small-scale transport. YuchiAirlines and Pan-Osamian are also prominent airlines.

The National Railway Authority manages the country's 15 thousand kilometers of network, of which a third is electrified. Rail transport is of great importance to the country, playing a vital role in the transport of passengers and cargo and in long-distance locomotion. There are also connecting the largest cities in the Saran communities with Baykhatut, Asue and Vatakakûq. These railways pass through modern undersea tunnels, whose construction was completed in 2012, which resulted in a reduction of more than 30% in the cost of transport between the islands of Saran, Baykhatut and Togasû. The undersea tunnels have highways and a high-speed rail line.

As Yuchvan is an archipelago, transport by boat and ships is extremely vital. The main port of Yuchvan is Batutang, and the ports are also public, managed by the National Port Infrastructure Company. Other important ports are Batutang, Tanghôn, Appuku and Watangihiri.