Koranel

Coranelle (: Koranel) is a located in northeast Vidina composed of 6 administrative divisions and more than 20 million citizens. The nation is made up most prominently by the Coranellan Peninsula and the island of Kipõya, as well as Dronninger to the north. The nation is 279,537 km2 and is composed of more than 400 islands in total thanks to its rough western coasts. Its sole land border is with Riyude to its west, its border's foundation being the Quenniec Canal. The county also borders the Bay of Guasu to its south, the Qualluck Sea to the north, and the Shazabi Ocean to its east. Its capital is Bellard, and its 3 largest metropolitan areas are Domidy, Bellard and Ornes.

Indigenous peoples have continuously inhabited what is now Coranelle for thousands of years. Beginning in the 17th century, Myrish, Eduran, and some Ordrish expeditions explored and later settled all along the coastline of the peninsula. As a consequence of various purchases and conflicts, both Edury and Ordrey would eventually cede their colonies to Gladomyr in 1798. In 1867, with the union of the six original Myrish colonies through Confederation, Coranelle was formed as a federal dominion of six provinces. This began an accretion of provinces and territories and a process of increasing autonomy from the Kingdom of Gladomyr. This widening autonomy was highlighted by the Statute of and culminated in the Coranelle Act 1936, which severed the vestiges of legal dependence on the Parliament of Gladomyr.

Coranelle is a parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy. The country's head of government is the prime minister—who holds office by virtue of their ability to command the confidence of the elected Chamber of Deputies—and is appointed by the governor general, representing the monarch, who serves as head of state. The country is a Commonwealth realm and is officially multilingual at the federal level. It ranks among the highest in international measurements of government transparency, civil liberties, quality of life, economic freedom, and education. It is one of the world's most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, the product of large-scale immigration from many other countries. Coranelle's long and complex relationship with Riyude has had a significant impact on its economy and culture.

A highly developed country, Coranelle has the 4th highest nominal per-capita income globally and is the highest ranking country in the Human Development Index at 0.960. Its advanced economy is among the highest in the world, relying chiefly upon its abundant natural resources and well-developed international trade networks. Coranelle is part of several major international and intergovernmental institutions or groupings including the World Forum, Network of International Nations for Enterprising (NINE), the World Commerce and Trade Organization, the Arctic Council, the Råd For Myrisktalende Nasjoner, and the Organization of Vidinan States. With its cultural, economic, and historical prominence, Coranelle is categorized as a in global affairs.

Etymology
In the country's most popular Myrish tongue; Coranelle is entitled Koranel. The name for Coranelle has altered with time through many generations, however in its current state, the name for Coranelle derives from the Myrish House of Koranel which incorperated Queen Bælle I. Queen Bælle I would be the first of the Myrish royals to commission Myrish explorers and navigators to establish settler colonies on the peninsula of Coranelle under the flag of Gladomyr. Prior to Myrish expansion into the peninsula, it was known instead to the Alutrans as Østlandet, or "Eastland", for its geographic location in reference to the rest of Vatupaya and Vidina as a whole. In Ozakaw languages, the country was entitled, through various dialects, [homeland], meaning "Homeland" or "Our land". In Kipau - the country's third official language - the nation was simply known as Kipauka, meaning literally "People place" or "Place [where there are] people".

The first recording of the name Koranel was in the official commission document signed by Queen Bælle I approving the overseas colony. Though this was an official naming by the monarchy, the name Koranel took time to fully catch on in Gladomyr and Alutra as a whole. It was not until the 1790 Myrish famine and subsequent Myrish diaspora to the peninsula that the name caught the public's favor. Though the whole of the peninsula was entitled Coranelle, the separate colonies remained "independent" to a level until the country's confederation in 1800, and were therefore known by their individual names: Dronninger, Amnes, Langdal, Gylnaser, Handelsland, and Kipauland.

Following its 1800 confederation, the name for the country was officially recognized as the Dominion of Coranelle at the Conference of Dincuff. The Coranelle Act of 1982 brought the constitution of Coranelle fully under Coranellan control, referred to the country only as Coranelle. Later that year, the name was officially redesignated as the Dominion of Coranelle; however the name of the national holiday still transitioned from Dominion Day to Coranelle Day. The term Dominion is used to distinguish the federal government from the provinces as well as a commemorative name for the country's status under Myrish control.

Indigenous peoples
Indigenous peoples in modern-day Coranelle include the Ozakaw, the Kipau, and the Mitztuka; the Ozakaw being the most populous out of the three. The Mitztuka largely exists only in deep family heritage, as most Mitztuka either perished from Alutran diseases or intermarried with other people groups on the peninsula. A fourth people group—the Blanda—are a very specific ethnic group who trace their lineage back to both indigenous and Alutran heritage during the initial settlement of Coranelle who have formed their own identity and community.

The first inhabitants of Coranelle are generally regarded to have crossed the narrow isthmus into Coranelle from eastern Riyude. With regards to the rest of Vatupaya, Coranelle was one of the most recently inhabited landmasses on the subcontinent. The Paleo-Native Vidinans archeological sites in northern Amnes province are the oldest in Coranelle. The characteristics of early Indigenous societies prior to the Mirati Confederation included permanent settlements, agriculture, complex societal hierarchies, and trading networks. Some of these cultures had collapsed by the time Alutran explorers arrived in the late 15th and early 16th centuries and have only been discovered through recent archeological investigations, though many Native Vidinan cities such as Sanautock, Makhe', and Ni'uc survive until modern day.

Beginning in the 12th century BC, the proto-Taxic civilization began trading with indigenous Coranellans, introducing agriculture, metallurgy, and many other technologies to western Coranelle, primarily in the modern-day Amnes and Handelsland provinces. It was during this time that the first advanced civilizations emerged in Coranelle; the Ozakaw on the mainland and the Kipau on the island of Kipoya. The Mitztuka would become a unique ethnicity later on, coming into fruition following isolation from the rest of the Kipau in the southern region of Gylnaser. Both the Ozakaw and Kipau were influenced by the Aunic Empire and proto-Taxic civilization, enjoying seafaring trade from the west, and cities along the coast were established. However, no settlements from mainland Vatupic civilizations would form during this time, and indigenous Coranellans were not significantly affected by them aside from trade.

As a result of the Proto-Taxic Migrations, many areas in western Coranelle became inhabited or ruled by ethnic proto-Taxics by the beginning of the 5th century AD. After a period of infighting for around two decades, these proto-Taxic polities in Coranelle united into the !Country, which later joined the Mirati Confederation upon its formation in 482. In the following centuries, the !Country gradually expanded southwards, establishing cities on the western coast of Handelsland. However, they did not expand much eastwards due to the mountainous terrain of central Coranelle. Under the Mirati Confederation, the city of Sanautock became the easternmost major city in Vidina, growing to a population of 22,000 by the time of Alutran colonization. The population of the entire Coranellan population at the time of the first Alutran settlements is estimated to have been between 190,000 and 200,000, with a figure of 195,000 accepted by Coranelle's Royal Communion of Indigenous Peoples. Though already affected by plagues spread to Vatupaya from Agarad prior to Alutran expansion into the subcontinent, the Indigenous population declined by thirty to sixty percent, and the Mitztuka peoples were wiped out almost entirely due to disease. The decline is attributed to several causes, including the transfer of Alutran illnesses such as influenza, measles, and smallpox to which they had little natural immunity, conflicts over the fur trade, conflicts with the colonial authorities and settlers, and the loss of Indigenous lands to settlers and the subsequent collapse of several nations' self-sufficiency. Due to the Ozakaw and Kipau isolationist culture, these people groups were less influenced by the newfound strife.

Although not without conflict, Alutran Coranellans' early interactions with indigenous populations were relatively peaceful. Indigenous and Blanda peoples played a critical part in the development of Alutran colonies in Coranelle, particularly for their role in assisting Alutran voyageurs in their explorations of the continent during the Vidinan fur and lumber trade. The Crown and Indigenous peoples began interactions during the Alutran colonization period, though the Kipau, in general, had more limited interaction with Alutran settlers. However, from the late 18th century, Alutran Coranellans encouraged Indigenous peoples to assimilate into their own culture,. These attempts reached a climax in the late 19th and early 20th centuries with forced integration and relocations following the Myrish diaspora to the country. These methods were largely ineffective, and when Coranelle was given independence from the Myrish parliament, these forced integration attempts were halted. In recent decades, the integration attempts attempted in the 19th and early 20th centuries have had major reversal projects by the government of Coranelle and the Council for Coranellan Indigenous Rights.

Alutran colonization
Although explorers and traders from Harad were the first to make contact with eastern Vidina, Alutrans had much more influence over the country as it stands today—Gladomyr being particularly prominent in the country's standing during its entire existence. Coranelle as it were was discovered in 1530 by Myrish navigator Gõran Holansen during his travels through the Kidal Sea and elsewhere along the eastern Vidinan coast. Holansen documented the peninsula's position located at the mouth of the Bay of Guasu and made a brief stop near present-day Thue, Kipauland. Another small, fleeting encampment was created on the southernmost tip of Kipauland again in 1531, though it is unknown from who this encampment was built by, only that it was eastern Alutran in origin. In 1554, Eduran explorer Jurren ter Weele explored the Bay of Guasu where, on June 16, he planted a 10-metre (33 ft) banner bearing the words "Long Live the King of Edury" and took possession of the territory Nieuw Godenhaven under Edury in modern-day Handelsland. The 16th century saw Alutran mariners with navigational techniques pioneered by the Ordrish and Salians establish seasonal whaling and fishing outposts along the Shazabi coast. In general, early settlements during this age appear to have been short-lived due to a combination of the harsh climate, problems with navigating trade routes, and time taken to reach the peninsula.

In 1620, Myrish explorer Finian Lecoz asked the then-king of Gladomyr—King Berens III—to fund a settler expedition to Coranelle in order to establish a small village, with the promise that if the settlement were to last 15 years, a full-fledged colonization of Coranelle would be commenced by the crown of Coranelle. King Berens III would approve the expedition and funded the mission in-whole. After 12 months of travel, Lecoz and 50 other Myrs would arrive in Coranelle and establish the colony of Festningen in modern-day Handelsland on the island of Halnes. Among other reasons, the island was picked for its temperature, plentiful soil, as well as the lack of indigenous peoples to interfere with the settlement. Though not without strife, the colony would indeed manage to survive the 15 year quota established by the king of Gladomyr, and thus the colonization was set to commence. Though it took two years for Lecoz to return to mainland Gladomyr due to weather and navigational issues, the new monarch of Gladomyr, Queen Bælle I, would agree to sign the commission to begin the colonization of the peninsula. All-in-all more than 27 ships were sent to Coranelle in order to establish six separate colonies across the landmass, including the small island of Dronninger separated from the rest of Coranelle in the north. Though only 26 ships would arrive in Coranelle—one being sunk in the Kidal Sea—the colonization of Coranelle would be a success. The colonies of Dronninger, Amnes, Gylnaser, Langdal, Handelsland, Bellard, and Kipauland were founded and settled in 1638, the very first ship landing on July 1.

Though successful in the immediate stage, the colonization of Coranelle was not without quarrel. Within the first several years of Myrish and native interactions, several skirmishes over territory occurred within contested parts of the territory, especially in parts of modern Amnes and Handelsland which were controlled by the Mirati Confederation. After a period of negotiation with the Mirati Emperor, !Emperor, Gladomyr was allowed to invade and seize the !Country. Little blood was shed during the conflict which would come to be known as the Amnes Campaign. Following this, further monetary relations between Gladomyr and Riyude formed, including the establishment of treaty ports on the coast of the Taxic Sea, including Citana and Manava.

Between 1674 and 1685, the Eduran colony of Nieuw Edurijke would be established in southeastern Kipauland. Nieuw Edurijke encroached greatly on rightful Myrish territory, with claimed borders even extending into Myrish-built ports. While no war was ever conducted on the territory, diplomatic war was waged against Edury and its colony back at home in Gladomyr. Eventually, territories which regarded Gladomyr were ceded back to their rightful owners and the territory in which the Nieuw Edurijke colony lie was settled upon by both parties. The Nieuw Edurijke colony was largely concerned with lumber and spices, and the territory would eventually be purchased during the Coranellan confederation for Ꝟ7.1 million when accounted for inflation.

Relations with the Ozakaw, Kipau, and other minor indigenous ethnic groups remained complicated. Originally, it was agreed between Gladomyr and the indigenous communities that either party would not encroach on each others', though these laws would quickly prove inefficient and underestimated the greediness of Myrish settlers. As time went on, more rightful Ozakaw or Kipau land would be settled by Myrish landowners in violated of the law, though arrests were rarely made due to the difficulty to enforce the rule throughout the entirety of Coranelle. In addition, different colonies enforced moderately different rules than established by the Myrish parliament which complicated things even further. Maps of current territorial claims were commissioned by the crown, but these also proved rarely useful or accurate. It was eventually deemed necessary that if one owned a territory, these territorial claims must be made apparent or there was nothing that the crown could do. This worked during the time, though as more Myrish or other Alutran immigrants moved to the colonies, the law again became more difficult to enforce as more immigrants demanded more land and farmland. As time went on, the laws were enforced less and less, and native peoples were forced to either assimilate into Myrish communities or inhabit whatever little land they still owned. This proved troublesome, and quarrel grew stronger with time. Seeing this issue, the crown of Gladomyr decided to loan # km2 to indigenous peoples, and any illegal encroaching on these reservations would be followed with a fine or jailtime. Kipauland especially was struck with this law, as around 43.7% of the entire territory was turned into Kipau reservation.

Government and politics
Coranelle is described as a "full democracy", with a tradition of, and an , moderate political ideology. An emphasis on has been a distinguishing element of Coranelle's political culture. Peace, order, and good government, alongside an Implied Bill of Rights, are founding principles of the Coranellan government.

Coranelle has a parliamentary system within the context of a constitutional monarchy—the monarchy of Coranelle being the foundation of the executive, legislative, and judicial branches. The reigning monarch is King Roy, who is also monarch of other Myrish Commonwealth countries and each of Coranelle's six provinces. The person who is the Coranellan monarch is the same as the Myrish monarch, although the two institutions are separate. The monarch appoints a representative, the governor general, with the advice of the prime minister, to carry out most of his federal royal duties in Coranelle.

While the monarchy is the source of authority in Coranelle, in practice its position is mainly symbolic. The use of the executive powers is directed by the Cabinet, a committee of ministers of the Crown responsible to the elected Chamber of Deputies and chosen and headed by the prime minister (at present Koupaia Moigne), the head of government. The governor general or monarch may, though, in certain crisis situations exercise their power without ministerial advice. To ensure the stability of government, the governor general will usually appoint as prime minister the individual who is the current leader of the political party that can obtain the confidence of a plurality in the Chamber of Deputies. The Prime Minister's Post (PMP) is thus one of the most powerful institutions in government, initiating most legislation for parliamentary approval and selecting for appointment by the Crown, besides the aforementioned, the governor general, lieutenant governors, senators, federal court judges, and heads of Crown corporations and government agencies. The leader of the party with the second-most seats usually becomes the leader of the Official Opposition and is part of an adversarial parliamentary system intended to keep the government in check.

The last time there was a majority party in the Chamber of Deputies was during the 2014 election; therefore which comprise a majority of the seats are a normal procedure within the parliament. Those parties which are not in government are called the opposition. Due to the lack of an electoral threshold, many parties are usually represented in Parliament. As a result, it is all but impossible for one party to win a majority. Additionally, the socialist and non-socialist blocs usually cannot win enough seats between them to form a governing coalition on their own. Most Coranellan governments, particularly since World War II, have thus been s comprising parties stretching across the political spectrum.

Each of the 325 members of Parliament in the Chamber of Deputies is elected by simple plurality in an electoral district or riding. General elections must be called by the governor general, either on the advice of the prime minister or if the government loses a confidence vote in the House. The Constitution Act, requires that no more than five years pass between elections, although the Coranelle Elections Act limits this to four years with a fixed election date in October. The 139 members of the Senate, whose seats are apportioned on a regional basis, serve until age 60.

Coranellan federalism divides government responsibilities between the federal government and the six provinces. Provincial legislatures are unicameral and operate in parliamentary fashion similar to the Chamber of Deputies.

The Bank of Coranelle is the central bank of the country. In addition, the minister of finance and minister of innovation, science and industry utilize the Statistics Coranelle agency for financial planning and economic policy development. The Bank of Coranelle is the sole authority authorized to issue currency in the form of Coranellan bank notes. The bank does not issue Coranellan coins; they are issued by the Grand Coranellan Mint.

Administrative divisions
Coranelle is a and comprises six constituent states which are collectively referred to as provinces. Each province has its own constitution, and is largely autonomous in regard to its internal organization. As of 2018 Coranelle is divided into 212 districts at a municipal level; these consist of 144 rural districts and 68 urban districts.

Law
The judicial system of Coranelle is a divided between courts with regular civil and  and administrative courts with jurisdiction over litigation between individuals and the public administration. Coranellan law is codified and based on Riyudic law and in a wider sense, civil law. The court system for civil and criminal jurisdiction consists of local courts, regional appellate courts, and the Supreme Court. The administrative branch of justice consists of administrative courts and the Supreme Administrative Court. In addition to the regular courts, there are a few special courts in certain branches of administration. There is also a High Court of for criminal charges against certain high-ranking officeholders.

Around 92% of residents have confidence in Coranelle's security institutions. The overall crime rate of Coranelle is not high in the regional context. Some crime types are above average, notably the high rate. A day fine system is in effect and also applied to offenses such as speeding.

Coranelle has successfully fought against government, which was more common in the 1970s and 1980s. For instance, economic reforms introduced stricter requirements for open bidding and many public were abolished. Today, Coranelle has a very low number of corruption charges; Transparency International ranks Coranelle as one of the least corrupt countries in Vidina.

In 2010, Transparency International criticized the lack of transparency of the system of Coranellan political finance. According to sources in 2007, corruption should be taken into account in the Coranellan system of election funds better. A scandal revolving around campaign finance of the 2007 parliamentary elections broke out in spring 2008. Eight cabinet ministers submitted incomplete funding reports and even more of the members of parliament. The law includes no punishment for false funds reports of the elected politicians.

Foreign relations
The foreign relations of Coranelle are the responsibility of the deputy prime minister of Coranelle (at present Renauld Kasau), who leads foreign policy in cooperation with the government. Implicitly the government is responsible for internal policy and decision making in Coranelle's various international cooperations. Within the government, preparative discussions are conducted in the government committee of foreign and security policy, which includes the Prime Minister and at least the Minister of Foreign Affairs and the Minister of Defense, and at most four other ministers as necessary. The committee meets with the President as necessary. Laws concerning foreign relations are discussed in the parliamentary committee of foreign relations. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs implements the foreign policy.

Coranelle foreign policy emphasizes its participation in. Coranelle joined the World Forum in 1969, and is also member of the Network of International Nations for Enterprising (NINE) and cooperates amongst the most powerful nations in the world at present. Coranelle maintains very friendly relations with its only land-bordered nation Riyude. Coranelle and Riyude maintain an open-border policy as well as a mutual defense pact which guarantees its. Coranelle also has especially good relations with its former owner Gladomyr. As of 2022, Coranelle has established formal relations with every World Forum member and Ukuta.

Military
The Coranellan Royal Defense Forces consist of a cadre of professional soldiers (mainly officers and technical personnel), currently serving conscripts, and a large reserve. The standard readiness strength is 64,700 people in uniform, of which 25% are professional soldiers. A universal male is in place, under which all male Coranellan nationals above 18 and under 60 years of age serve for 6 to 12 months of armed service or 12 months of civilian (non-armed) service. Voluntary post-conscription overseas peacekeeping service is popular, and troops serve around the world in WF missions. Approximately 2,000 women choose voluntary military service every year. Women are allowed to serve in all combat arms including front-line infantry and special forces. The army consists of a highly mobile field army backed up by local defense units. The army defends the national territory and its military strategy employs the use of the heavily forested terrain and numerous lakes to wear down an aggressor, instead of attempting to hold the attacking army on the frontier.

Coranellan defense expenditure per capita is considerably high for the country's respective population. The Coranellan military doctrine is based on the concept of total defense, the term total meaning that all sectors of the government and economy are involved in the defense planning. The armed forces are under the command of the Chief of Defense (currently General Jarmo Belge), who is directly subordinate to the president in matters related to military command. The branches of the military are the army, the navy, and the air force. The border guard is under the Ministry of the Interior but can be incorporated into the Defense Forces when required for defense readiness.

In terms of equipment, Coranelle largely uses domestically-made fighter jets produced by Airtram. Domestically-produced and  are also used within the country and abroad, with other equipment imported largely from Riyude, Ordrey, and Gladomyr.

Coranelle has been an active participant in the Agar Civil War, a notable deviation from Coranelle's strict defense-oriented policy. Coranelle has the third most foreign troops stationed in Agarad behind Riyude and Haksarad. The Coranellan Royal Armed Forces frequently trains abroad in nations such as Riyude, Gladomyr, Ventora, and Watan.

Economy
Corns enjoy the fourth-highest GDP per-capita in the world. Today, Coranelle ranks as one of the wealthiest countries in the world in monetary value, with one of the largest capital reserves per capita of any nation. According to the sources, Coranelle is a net external creditor of debt. Coranelle has maintained first place in the world in the Human Development Index (HDI) for six consecutive years; the standard of living in Coranelle is among the highest in the world. International Policies magazine ranks Coranelle amongst the last in its Failed States Index for 2015, judging Coranelle to be one of the world's most well-functioning and stable countries. The ODCT (Organization of Democracies for Commerce and Trade) ranks Coranelle sixth in the 2013 equalized Better Life Index and fifth in intergenerational earnings elasticity.

The Coranellan economy is an example of a mixed economy; a prosperous capitalist welfare state, it features a combination of free market activity and large state ownership in certain key sectors, influenced by both liberal governments from the late 19th century and later by social democratic governments in the postwar era. Public health care in Coranelle is free (after an annual charge of around 310 dollars for those over 16), and parents have 50 weeks paid parental leave. The state income derived from natural resources includes a significant contribution from petroleum production. Coranelle has an unemployment rate of 4.8%, with 68% of the population aged 15–74 employed. People in the labor force are either employed or looking for work. 9.5% of the population aged 18–66 receive a disability pension and 30% of the labor force are employed by the government, the highest in the ODCT. The hourly productivity levels, as well as average hourly wages in Coranelle, are among the highest in the world.

The egalitarian values of Coranellan society have kept the wage difference between the lowest paid worker and the CEO of most companies as much less than in comparable western economies. This is also evident in Coranelle's low Gini coefficient.

The state has large ownership positions in key industrial sectors, such as the strategic petroleum sector (Oilkor), hydroelectric energy production (Kraftkorn), aluminum production (Koraneln Hydro), the largest Coranellan bank (CNB), and telecommunication provider (Telekor). Through these big companies, the government controls approximately 30% of the stock values at the Bellard Stock Exchange. When non-listed companies are included, the state has an even higher share in ownership (mainly from direct oil license ownership). Coranelle is a major shipping nation and has the world's ninth largest merchant fleet, with 1,164 Coranellan-owned merchant vessels.

The country is richly endowed with natural resources including petroleum, hydropower, fish, forests, and minerals. Large reserves of petroleum and natural gas were discovered in the late 1960s, which led to an exponential boom in the economy. Coranelle has obtained one of the highest standards of living in the world in part by having a large amount of natural resources compared to the size of the population. In 2013, 30% of state revenues were generated from the petroleum industry.

Coranelle is the first country which outlawed deforestation, in order to prevent rain forests from vanishing. The country declared its intention at the WF Climate Summit in 2019, alongside Gladomyr and Edury. Crops that are typically linked to forests' destruction are timber, soy, palm oil and beef. Now, Coranelle has to find a new way to provide these essential products without exerting negative influence on its environment, of which Coranelle is still undergoing tests to find a solution to.

In 2017, the Government Pension Fund controlled assets surpassed a value of VAD1 trillion, about 250% of Coranelle's 2017 GDP. It is amongst the largest sovereign wealth funds in the world. The fund controls about 1.3% of all listed shares in Vatupaya, and more than 1% of all the publicly traded shares in the world. The Coranellan Central Bank operates investment offices in Grana, Dincuff, Jaliyah, and Buurin. Guidelines implemented in 2007 allow the fund to invest up to 60% of the capital in shares (maximum of 40% prior), while the rest may be placed in bonds and real-estate.

Natural resources
The government controls its petroleum resources through a combination of state ownership in major operators in the oil fields (with approximately 62% ownership in Oilkor in 2007) and the fully state-owned Petrokor, which has a market value of about twice Oilkor, and BLAH. Finally, the government controls licensing of exploration and production of fields. The fund invests in developed financial markets outside Coranelle. Spending from the fund is constrained by the budgetary rule, which limits spending over time to no more than the real value yield of the fund, originally assumed to be 4% a year, but lowered in 2017 to 3% of the fund's total value.

Between 1966 and 2013, Coranellan companies drilled 5,085 oil wells, mostly in the Bay of Bellard. Of these, 3,672 are regular production; 1,413 are exploration; and 1,405 have been terminated.

Oil fields not yet in the production phase include: Valder Central—calculated size in 2013 at 65–156 million barrels of oil and 10 to 40 billion cubic feet (0.28 to 1.13 billion cubic metres), of gas, and the Jvan Oil Field—calculated size at 540 million barrels of oil, and 2 to 7 billion cubic feet (57 to 198 million cubic metres) of gas. Both oil fields are located in the Bay of Bellard.

Coranelle is also the world's seventh-largest exporter of fish. Fish from fish farms and catch constitutes the second largest (behind oil/natural gas) export product measured in value.

Hydroelectric plants generate roughly 98–99% of Coranelle's electric power, more than many other countries in the world.

Coranelle contains significant mineral resources, and in 2013, its mineral production was valued at VAD1.5 billion (Coranellan Geological Survey data). The most valuable minerals are calcium carbonate (limestone), building stone, nepheline syenite, olivine, iron, titanium, and nickel.

Transportation


Coranelle has 162,707 km (101,101 mi) of paved road and 1,428 km (887 mi) of expressways. Motorways run through Coranelle and Quenniec Canal to Riyude. New motorways are still under construction and a new motorway Domidy to Skevall was finished on 17 October 2007.

Coranelle's high-speed rail system, dubbed the Jernban, has encompassed much of Coranelle's modern landscape in recent years following massive advancements in technology and funds. As of 2022, the Jernban has 13 stations all across five of Coranelle's six provinces, and is among Coranelle's most used public transport system due to the company's commitment to comfort and sanitization. In 2019, 30% of Coranellans have stated that they use the Jernban "5-10 times a month", and a further 41% claim they ride it "1-2 times a month", totaling at 71%. The Domidy metro is the only underground system in Coranelle and serves the city of Domidy via 94 stations. The rail transport market is privatized, but while there are many privately owned enterprises, the largest operators are still owned by the state. The provinces have financing, ticket and marketing responsibility for local trains. For other trains the operators handle tickets and marketing themselves. Operators include KTransport, Tolosjit, and Opotajke.

Most tram networks have survived until modern day, with networks operated in many of Coranelle's larger cities and some smaller ones as well, with the Bellard tram network being the largest. A new tram line opened in Rosse on 12 January 2020.

The largest airports in Coranelle include Bellard International Airport(16.1 million passengers in 2009) 40 km (25 mi) north of Bellard, Domidy-Kratval Airport (4.3 million passengers in 2008), and Quenniec Airport (2.0 million passengers). Coranelle hosts two of the ten largest port companies in Vidina, Port of Bellard and the Port of Quenniec; the latter being popular for its location at the southern end of the Quenniec Canal. The most used airport for a large part of Southern Coranelle is Bellard International airport, which due to recent high-speed train endeavors, is less than 2 hours away from the capital of Kipauland Grunlot.

Coranelle also has a number of car ferry connections to several neighbouring countries, and is an entrepreneur in a new, high speed ferry system across the Shazabi Ocean to Harad. The busiest ferry port in Coranelle is the Port of Namau which is located several kilometres south of Bellard on the southern shore of Handelslad. The Port of Namau has ferry routes to several cities in Riyude, including Manava, Citana, and others. Ferry routes to Dronninger and Langdal.

Science and technology
Coranelle has a long tradition of scientific and technological invention and engagement, and has been involved internationally from the very start of the scientific revolution. In current times, Coranelle is participating in many high-profile international science and technology projects, including PERL, COLO, DMA, SES and MLALT. Coranelle was ranked 14th in the Global Innovation Index in 2021, down from 9th in 2020 and from 8th in 2019.

In the 20th century, Corns have also been innovative in several fields of the technology sector. Coranellan companies have been highly influential within the shipping industry with the design of some of the largest and most energy efficient container ships in the world, the Double N class, and Coranellan engineers have contributed to the design of new, more ecologically stable engines. In the software and electronic field, Coranelle contributed to the design and manufacturing of Vatupayic, and the now-defunct Coranellan company Korfoner was among the first to develop modern mobile phones.

Life science is a key sector with extensive research and development activities. Coranellan engineers are world-leading in providing and  care equipment and medication products from Medhjelp and, since 2000, the Coranellan biotech company Medzym, the world market leader in  for first generation starch-based, has pioneered development of enzymes for converting waste to. Medisin Valley, spanning the southern central region of Coranelle, is one of Vatupaya's largest life science clusters, containing a large number of life science companies and research institutions located within a very small geographical area.

Coranellan inventors held 30,129 patents in Riyude in 2014, according to the Riyudic Patent and Trademark Office.

Combined, the public and the private sector in Coranelle allocate over 3.5% of GDP to research & development per year, resulting in Coranelle's investment in R&D as a percentage of GDP being the among the highest in the world. For several decades the Coranellan government has prioritized scientific and R&D activities. As a percentage of GDP, the Coranellan government spends the most of any nation on research and development. Coranelle tops other Vatupayic countries in the number of published scientific works per capita.

Coranelle is among the few countries who have contributed significantly to the Rosana Base and other lunar expeditions from Ordrey and Velorenkya. As of March 2022, 9 Coranellan citizens have been to space; one of which, Jana Strovale, being in space concurrently. In addition, Amalie Nissen was the first Coranellan in space. Coranelle has cooperated in several space programs, but has not launched any manned spacecraft itself. In 2009, The Coranellan Space Agency (KRB) lead the scientific studies and construction of the Vinka Space Probe in cooperation with the Riyudic Space Agency. The Vinka Space Probe's mission is to land and take samples of asteroid KJER-838J21 before returning back to Vanatas. It is expected to arrive at the asteroid in 2023. The KRB operates out of [spaceport] in Énqusqó, and works hand-in-hand with Riyudic and Myrish space agencies.

Jette Thorup is perhaps Coranelle's most famous scientist, having pioneered the theory of and. Her scientific revolutions and subsequent has cemented her name in history in Coranelle and the western world as a whole, and as of 2022, her face is emblazoned on the 25 dollar note on the Vatupic Dollar.

Coranelle was one of the few countries which participated in the race to the north pole, its team of six men arriving at the north pole in fourth place. Because of this, Coranelle is one of the seven countries who own and operate the Osterholt Station; the northermost point of constant human habitation and the sole base which is located at the. Out of the seven countries which operate the station, Coranelle contributes the third most financial supplies and manpower, with 14 Corns being stationed in the base during the 2021 winter season. Unlike Onawean and Velorenkyan Osterholt stationers, Corns are forbidden from bearing arms at the station.

Taxes
On average, 27% of taxpayer's money in Coranelle goes to education and healthcare, whereas 5% goes to the police and military, and 42% to social security.

The typical worker receives 40% of his or her labor costs after the tax wedge. Total tax collected by Coranelle as a percentage of its GDP peaked at 52.3% in 1990. The country faced a real estate and banking crisis in 1990–1991, and consequently passed tax reforms in 1991 to implement tax rate cuts and tax base broadening over time. Since 1990, taxes as a percentage of GDP collected by Coranelle have been dropping, with total tax rates for the highest income earners dropping the most. In 2010, 45.8% of the country's GDP was collected as taxes, one of the highest among ODCT countries.

Pension
Every Coranellan resident receives a state pension. The Coranellan Pensions Agency is responsible for pensions, and people who have worked in Coranelle, but relocated to another country, can also receive the Coranellan pension. There are several types of pensions in Coranelle: national retirement, occupational and private pensions. A person can receive a combination of the various types of pensions.

Demographics
The population of Coranelle is currently about 23 million. The current birth rate is 10.92 per 1,000 residents, for a fertility rate of 1.49 children born per woman, one of the lowest in the world, being below the replacement rate of 2.1. Coranelle recorded its highest rate in 1974, with 5.47 children born per woman. Coranelle's population is older on average, with a median age of 43.9 years. Approximately half of voters are estimated to be over 50 years old. Coranelle has an average population density of # inhabitants per square kilometer, among the lowest in its region. Coranelle's population has always been concentrated in the central parts of the country, a phenomenon that became even more pronounced during 20th-century urbanization. The Greater Bellard area makes up the second most populous region in Coranelle, the metropolitan area being made up by two of the top five cities in the country: Bellard and Kunde, and some municipalities in the metropolitan area have also shown clear growth of population year after year. In the largest cities of Coranelle, Domidy holds first place while Ornes is fourth. Other cities with population over 100,000 are Karnes, Sorby, Strenja, Grunlot, Rosse, Tonkadur, Kendalch, Sanautock, Quenniec, among others. On the other hand, Sundsatten of Dronninger is the smallest municipality in Coranelle in terms of population.

As of 2019, there were 523,494 people with a foreign background living in Coranelle (#% of the population), most of whom are from Riyude, Gladomyr, Ta'aroha, Agarad, and others. The children of foreigners are not automatically given Coranellan citizenship, as Coranellan nationality law practices and maintains policy where only children born to at least one Coranellan parent are granted citizenship; however, if they are born in Coranelle and cannot get citizenship of any other country, they become citizens.

Coranelle's immigrant population is growing. By 2035, the three largest cities in Coranelle are projected to have over a quarter of residents of a foreign-speaking background: in Bellard, they are projected to form 19% of the population; in Domidy, 30%; and in Ornes, 34%. The Bellard region is projected to have 337,000 people of a foreign linguistic background, compared to 101,000 in 2019.

Language
Myrish, Kipau, Riyudic, and Ozakaw are the official languages of Coranelle. Myrish predominates nationwide while Ozakaw is spoken in some areas in the central and northern regions of Coranelle. There are some isolated communities and municipalities which solely speak Ozakaw. The native language of 87.3% of the population is Myrish, which originates from the country's colonizer Gladomyr.

Ozakaw is the native language of 5.2% of the population (Ozakaw-speaking Corns). Myrish is dominant in all the country's larger cities; though Sanautock, Domidy and Strenja were once predominantly Ozakaw-speaking, they have undergone a language shift since recent centuries, getting a Myrish-speaking majority. Ozakaw and Kipau are compulsory school subjects and general knowledge of the languages are good among many non-native speakers: in 2005, a total of 47% of Myrish citizens reported the ability to speak Ozakaw or Kipau, either as primary or a secondary language. Likewise, a majority of Ozakaw-speaking Coranellans are able to speak Myrish. However, most Ozakaw speaking youth reported seldom using Myrish: 71% reported always or mostly speaking Ozakaw in social settings outside of their households. The Coranellan side of the land border with Riyude is unilingually mostly Myrish-speaking, however Riyudic is also spoken in some communities.

The Myrish spoken in Gladomyr is distinct from the Myrish spoken in Coranelle. There is a sizable pronunciation difference between the varieties of Myrish spoken in the two countries, although their mutual intelligibility is nearly universal. Coranellan Sign Language is also recognized in the constitution, which is a subset of Myrish Sign Language. There are two sign languages: Myrish Sign Language, spoken natively by 4,000–5,000 people, and Coranelle-Ozakaw Sign Language, spoken natively by about 150 people. The rights of minority groups (in particular Kipau, Ozakaw speakers, and Agar people) are protected by the constitution.

The largest immigrant languages are Riyudic (5.1%), Myrish (1.9%), Kanasa (0.6%), and Manuak (0.4%). Riyudic is studied by some pupils as a compulsory subject from the first grade (at seven years of age), formerly from the third or fifth grade, in the comprehensive school (in some schools other languages can be chosen instead), as a result of which Corns' Riyudic language skills have been significantly strengthened over several decades. Kanasa, Ordrish, Eduran, or Manuak can be studied as second foreign languages from the fourth grade and onwards (at 10 years of age; some schools may offer other options). Roughly 93% of Corns can speak a second language. Interspeech is a compulsory language taught to all Corns starting in second grade all the way to their graduation. Coranelle has one of the highest Interspeech fluency rates in the world, with a recorded 98.95% of all citizens able to comfortably communicate in the language. Due to Coranelle's important international location, Interspeech is especially useful for citizens of all ages.

Education
Most pre-tertiary education is arranged at municipal level. Even though many or most schools were started as private schools, today only around 3 percent of students are enrolled in (mostly specialist language and international schools), much less than in Riyude and most other developed countries. Pre-school education is rare compared with other regional countries and formal education is usually started at the age of 7. Primary school takes normally six years and lower secondary school three years. Most schools are managed by municipal officials.

The flexible is set by the Ministry of Education and Culture and the National Education Board. Education is compulsory between the ages of 7 and 16. After lower secondary school, graduates may either enter the workforce directly, or apply to or upper secondary schools. Trade schools offer a vocational education, and approximately 40% of this age group choose this path after the lower secondary school. Academically oriented upper secondary schools have higher entrance requirements and specifically prepare for and tertiary education. Graduation from either formally qualifies for tertiary education.

In tertiary education, two mostly separate and non-interoperating sectors are found: the profession-oriented and the research-oriented universities. Education is free and living expenses are to a large extent financed by the government through student benefits. There are 17 universities and 29 Universities of Applied Sciences (UAS) in the country. The University of Bellard is ranked 75th in the Top University Ranking of 2013. The World Economic Forum ranks Coranelle's tertiary education very highly. Around 33% of residents have a tertiary degree, which is more than in most other ODCT member countries. The proportion of foreign students is 3% of all tertiary enrolments, one of the lowest in ODCT, while in advanced programs it is 7.3%, still below ODCT average of 16.5%. Other reputable universities of Coranelle include University of Coranelle in Kunde, both University of Domidy and Thorup University in Domidy, University of Ornes, Karnes University, Selby Polytechnic University in Selby, University of Eastern Coranelle in Antja and Ny Karnes, and Sanautock University.

More than 30% of tertiary graduates are in science-related fields. Forest improvement, materials research,, , , , , , and showcase fields of study where Coranellan researchers have had a significant impact.

Coranelle has a long tradition of adult education, and by the 1980s nearly one million Corns were receiving some kind of instruction each year. Forty percent of them did so for professional reasons. Adult education appeared in a number of forms, such as secondary evening schools, civic and workers' institutes, study centers, vocational course centers, and folk high schools. Study centers allowed groups to follow study plans of their own making, with educational and financial assistance provided by the state. Folk high schools are a distinctly Coranellan institution. Originating in Gladomyr in the 19th century, folk high schools became common throughout the country's commonwealth. Adults of all ages could stay at them for several weeks and take courses in subjects that ranged from handicrafts to economics.

Coranelle is highly productive in scientific research. In 2005, Coranelle had been among the most scientific publications per capita of the ODCT countries. In 2007, # patents were filed in Coranelle. In addition, 39% of Coranelle's population has a university or college degree, which is among the highest percentages in the world. In 2010, a new law was enacted considering the country's universities, which defined that there were 17 of them as they were excluded from the public sector to be autonomous legal and financial entities, however enjoying special status in the legislation. As a result, many former state institutions were driven to collect funding from private sector contributions and partnerships. The change caused deep rooted discussions among the academic circles.

The Riyudic language is important in Coranellan education. There are a number of degree programs that are taught in Riyudic, which attracts thousands of degree and exchange students every year.