Galvia

Galvia (: Galvija), officially the Kingdom of Galvia, is a country located in eastern Alutra. It is bordered by Renesia to the north, Ecoralia and Aquizireiki to the east, and Izlegal to the southeast. The territory of the Kingdom of Galvia expands over a total land area of 787,343 square kilometres (303,995 sq mi), with a mostly. The capital and largest city is Antonija; other major cities and urban areas include Zvanas, Sienal, Aizsargāt, and Vilciena.

Considered to be the first Galvic state, the Varic Empire was founded in the 1st century under Valerijs II following the Conquest of Lempia. After its collapse, it was succeeded by the Varic Kingdoms and the Union of Krona at the start and end of the 13th century respectively. The Union of Krona was eventually overthrown by the Legion of Galvia, commanded by Antonija Ivuškāns, during the mid-14th century, and replaced by the United Kingdoms of Galvia in 1399, of which Antonija was crowned Queen. This was followed by the Sacred Expansion in the mid-15th century, and eventual Royal Campaigns between 1467 and 1517 - a 50-year period of internal conflict followed by nearly a century of tension and unrest, leading to the War of Antonija in 1693, before coming to an end after the Battle of Straume in 1709. Not long after the Battle of Straume, all Galvic lands were evenly distributed between the Kingdom of Vakars and the Kingdom of Lietus, to be later unified under a single monarch in 1731; this time period and its events are collectively referred to as the Unification of Galvia.

In the second half of the 18th century, the Galvic lands became more industrialized, entering their first in 1770. At the start of the 20th century, the Kingdom of Galvia remained neutral during the entirety of World War I despite its location amidst one of the conflict's largest fronts. During the 1940s, under a more interventionist government, Galvia joined the Alutran theatre in World War II, supporting both the Principality of Renesia against the Eastern Front, and the newly formed, and unrecognized, Tretuish State, or Tretland, in southern Ecoralia, both of which ended unsuccessful. Galvian intervention continued in support of the Tretuish people in Ecoralia until 1953, when it came to a halt with the Tretland Nuclear Crisis, and the launch of Operation Mauve in Ecoralia. Withdrawal from Tretland led to to internal conflicts, particularly between the Tretuish population of Galvia, in support of the intervention, and the Galvic population, in opposition. Conflict came to an end in 1956 during the Autumn Riots, when all and rebel Tretuish groups were dissolved by the government.

Today, the Kingdom of Galvia is a   and  with an advanced, high-income. However, and despite of this, the country has been criticized for its rates,  situation, and increasing, all ranking higher than the regional average.

Etymology
The name "Galvia" is an standardization of the country's native name Galvija or Galvijas, which in turn derives from the name Galvai. The name Galvai derives from the word galva (meaning 'head') and the  declension -ai, and first came into use during the 13th century with the formation of the Legion of Galvia (Galvai Milzums) under the command of Antonija Ivuškāns. The name was chosen to promote the belief that the Legion were the true rulers of the Galvic people, and it is believed that the name Galvai was then chosen to signify the Legion as the "Head that should wear the Crown" (Galva Nēsā Vainagu).

The name was then changed to Galvijas with the formation of the United Kingdoms of Galvia (Galvijas Apvienotā Karaliste). The name Galvijas comes from the word galva, the suffix -ija (used to indicate a location), and the declension -s. The name was given a geographic connotation after the Legion's success in conquering all land that once belonged to the Union of Krona, and has been used to refer to the territory that today encompasses present-day Galvia ever since 1399. The name was then repurposed one last time in 1731, with the formation of the current Kingdom of Galvia and the adoption of its shortened name "Galvia" (Galvija), losing the nominative declension.

Varic Republics
The name of "Varic Republics" in Galvia refer to the territorial split succeeding the fall of the Empire of Juras in the year 65 BCE. Though collectively referred to as "republics", not all of these post-Juric states fell under a republican government, and a considerable amount were instead monarchies. Because of the disorderly nature of the Empire of Juras' fall, most of the Varic Republics were at constant odds with one another due to territorial discrepancies, as most maps were being made to favor the territorial claim of the republic where they had been made. This conflict, which lasted uninterrupted for nearly a decade, is referred to as the Cartographic War, named after the countless variations of different maps that were made in this ten-year span. During the Cartographic War, one of the largest republics in the region, the Republic of Lempia, led by Vadonis Valerijs I, sought to unify once again all Varic territories under a single entity, in resemblance to the former Empire of Juras. In the year 60 BCE, Valerijs I began to command a series of annexations of smaller neighboring republics, taking advantage of the ongoing Cartographic War that was keeping the other large republics in the vicinity occupied. By 55 BCE, the entire western portion of what had been Varic territory split into twelve different republics was now under the Lempian rule, making the Republic of Lempia the largest Varic state at the time, being almost triple in size to the second largest. This specific moment in history is deemed as the start of the Conquest of Lempia, which lasted until the beginning of the (CE).

Conquest of Lempia (55 BCE - 4 CE)

 * Main article: Conquest of Lempia

The Conquest of Lempia started sometime around March of 55 BCE, with the complete annexation and gained control of twelve Varic Republics by the Republic of Lempia. The term was coined by the remaining Free Republics in reference to the clever and rapid Lempian military advance over Varic territory. In 53 BCE, the Republic of Lempia declared war on its neighbor, the Republic of Ciltkoks, the largest producer and exporter of food in the region due to its arable and flat territory. Ciltkoks was successfully annexed into Lempia by 51 BCE, despite other republics coming to its aid. A year later, Valerijs I cut off food supplies into the Free Republics in an attempt to weaken them before advancing on their territory, this resulted in several smaller republics neighboring the former Ciltkoki territory to willingly surrender control over to the Lempian central government in exchange for access to food that they could not produce. Lempia advanced north and faced the remaining Free Republics in battle for nearly five years until the death of Valerijs I in 45 BCE. The Lempian Republic and its army found themselves at a loss of morale and leadership, as Valerijs' only son, Valerijs II, was a toddler at the time of his father's death. The Republic of Lempia, and therefore its conquest of the Free Republics, remained stagnant for almost a decade without changing its borders or advancing on other territories. In 43 BCE, the Free Republics formed the Council of Sienal, named after the Republic of Sienal, the largest of the Free Republics. The Council of Sienal advanced north during the Lempian stagnation in order to acquire more arable land, as their territory at the time was mostly comprised of hilly terrain, eventually settling in what are the present-day Kingdoms of Zināša and Tirguš.

Valerijs II came of age in the year 25 BCE, and assumed full command of the Lempian army the following year. Following in her father's footsteps, he marched into Sienal territory with the purpose of annexing the Republics comprising the Council of Sienal and forming a new union of Varic Republics. The Council of Sienal and the Republic of Lempia went to war with one another in 23 BCE, when the Council began to retaliate offensively as opposed to defensively as it had in the past. The newly gained strength of the Free Republics, and the inexperience of Valerijs II led to the war being more drawn out than anticipated, eventually ending before reaching the fifteen year mark. At the end of the war in 8 BCE, the Republic of Lempia had gained control of all southern republics in the Council, and was advancing northward to the city of Sienal, the capital of the Council. The Conquest hit a second halt in the year 7 BCE, when the southernmost territories of the Republic of Lempia revolted to gain back their independence; with the central authority continuously moving north, the vigilance and law enforcement on the southern territory increased drastically. The Republic of Lempia entered a 5-year long civil war in 6 BCE.

The Council of Sienal was annexed in its entirety in the year 1 CE, with the conquest and destruction of the city of Sienal, and the execution of the Council's King. The Conquest continued northward for three more years, before reaching what would go on to become its permanent territorial boundaries. In the year 4 CE, the territory was renamed as the Varic Empire (Varasja Impērija), crowning Valerijs II as its first Emperor.

Varic Empire

 * Main article: Varic Empire

The Varic Empire was formed in the year 4 CE, under the command of Valerijs II as Emperor at the age of 50. Valerijs led the Varic Empire following his father's ideology of Varic expansion across eastern Alutra and the spread of Varic values into neighboring civilizations, and his son, Gvido I, was educated under these same values. At the age of 55, in the year 7 CE, Valerijs II began his march northeastward across Alutra, into what was territory inhabited by ethnically Ecoralian and Tretuish civilizations, in the present-day Kingdom of Lietus. Valerijs was assassinated at the age of 60 in 12 CE, during a battle around what is the modern day city of Krustojums, and his son automatically ascended the throne as Varic Emperor at the age of 23. For the following decade, the Varic borders remained unchanged as the conquest for new land had come to a stop, and the Empire began to form closer ties with neighboring nations in Alutra. Around the year 22 CE, Gvido led his army for a last conquest of uninhabited territory in what is now northern Galvia before the country entered a period known as the Varic Quiet for the remainder of the century.

With the growth in population and the necessity for better methods of trade, the Varic Empire made its first advance on foreign territory for the first time since the 1st century in the year 550 CE, under the direction of Emperor Augusts VII. The Varic empire advanced into its vassal state of Renesia, in what is in the present day Renesian territory, conquering the city of Renes in the process, and integrating the state as part of the Varic Empire by the end of the 6th century. With the new territorial acquisition, the Varic Empire had, for the first time in its history, direct access to the ocean, which was used specifically to trade with the lands of present-day Velorenkya and Ecoralia. Varic-Ecoralian relationships remained mostly undisturbed for most of the 7th century until the year 644, when Emperor Jānis III commanded military advance into what was considered Ecoralian territory, extending the Varic coastline until nearly reaching the base of the Witland peninsula. Toward the end of the 7th century, the Varic Empire reentered a period of peace and stagnation in its territorial expansion that would last for the remainder of the state's existence.

Fall of the Varic Empire (12th century)

 * See also: Ecoraland

During the mid-1100s, the economic boom of the so-called Samenwaterijk period in Ecoraland drove its government to a more expansionist ideology in a pursuit for new markets, this led to outright war between Ecoraland and the Varic Empire in 1147. This was originally intended as a peaceful integration of Varic ports along the North Alutran Sea into the Samenwaterijk network, however, the integration was never agreed on by the Varic government, who perceived the ordeal as an attempt to integrate Varic port towns into Ecoralian territory. As retaliation, the Varic Emperor at the time, Ludis III, ordered an advance on Ecoralian territory through the Upper Gaal River Valley, officially hindering the relationship between the two countries and changing the Varic borders for the first time in three hundred years. The Varic Empire declared war on Ecoraland in April of 1147. The invasion was met with majoritarian support from the Varic Court, with the exception of the state of Renesia and its nobles, who stood amongst the most vocally opposed to Emperor Ludis' initiative, fearing the unnecessary expenditure in Varic resources, that would have had to be drawn from all regions in the Empire, including Renesia. The complaints of the Renesian nobles remained unheard, and Emperor Ludis moved into Ecoraland in the summer of 1147.

The start of the war resulted into rebel uprising in Renesian territory (present-day Renesia and Neziņas). This uprising remained mostly unmonitored due to the central government's focus on the conflict with Ecoraland. However, at the start of 1148, with the assassination of Emperor Ludis III in the battlefield, and the ascension of his son Artūrs V into the Varic throne, the Varic military strategy saw a shift. Emperor Artūrs, who automatically succeeded his father at the age of 30, continued the war on Ecoraland, while simultaneously stationing troops in and out of the Renesian territory of the Empire in an attempt to contain a possible rebellion. Artūrs declared complete seize of all Renesian seaports to ensure continuous access to the sea during the war with Ecoraland. The war came to a halt in 1149, after Ecoraland successfully annexed nearly half of the coastal territory of the Varic Empire. Meanwhile, the Varic army was only able to recover some of the lost territory, returning Varic borders similar to how they had been before the 7th century. The recovery of this territory required the pulling of several Varic military forces from their stations in Renesian territory, and this, combined with the massive loss of people, allowed for the Renesian nobles of the city of Renes, along with many other cities in ethnically Renesian territory, to declare independence from the Varic Empire on 3 March 1150. The massive loss of Varic lives, Renesian and Ecoralian territory, and access to the sea, are all factors considered to signify the start of the fall of the Varic Empire.

Varic Kingdoms

 * Main article: Varic Kingdoms

The Varic Empire remained united even after the independence of Renesia until the start of the 13th century, before eventually breaking apart in 1201. Prior to its fall, the noble courts of the largest regions comprising the imperial territory had begun to demand higher levels of autonomy, with some threatening to seek independence similarly to Renesia. In a last attempt to contain any rebellious and separatist movements, Emperor Artūrs granted these regions their autonomy. However, this promptly showed itself to be counter-productive, as the newly autonomous regions began to make larger and bolder demands regarding territorial expansion, resources, power in the central government, and military. This eventually led to the assassination of Emperor Artūrs in 1200 at the hands of the self-proclaimed Emperor of Kaudze, the largest of the regions. The loss of the Emperor left the country without a central head of state and allowed for all the kingdoms that had been autonomous up until that point to seek independence and draw new territorial boundaries, eventually justifying the invasion and annexation of one another, this brief time period that lasted between 1201 and 1205 is referred to as the Varic Abolition. The catalyst event for the Abolition is agreed to be the assassination of Emperor Artūrs V, the last Emperor of the Varic Empire, on 6 October 1200. Artūrs had five daughters and no sons, which resulted in controversy within the Empire, as the law mandated the Emperor was to always be a man. This led to King Artjoms of Kaudze, the one to have conducted the assassination, to volunteer for the title of Varic Emperor, which was met with massive resistance from all regions in the Empire, and eventual separatist movements, particularly in the southern territories. The first territories to become independent kingdoms began invading smaller territories that were still part of the Varic Empire but could not be defended due to a lack of imperial central authority. Other regions within the Empire quickly followed suit, including the Kingdom of Kaudze, and by November of 1205, the Varic Empire officially collapsed, splitting into ten feudal kingdoms, known as the Varic Kingdoms. Though some of the kingdoms managed to remain neutral throughout most of their existence, the larger kingdoms were constantly at odds with each other and sought to acquire more land from their neighbors. In 1223, the Kingdom of Kaudze, the northernmost of the Varic Kingdoms, expanded eastward into what had been land inhabited by ethnically Ecoralian peoples. News of this reached the kingdoms lying directly south of Kaudze, and as a way to prevent possible invasion from their northern neighbor, the three kingdoms of Dienvinurenes, Nokļūšana, and Spārnu joint into a military alliance known as the Varic Belt.

The Kingdom of Kaudze and the Varic Belt went to war in 1234, when the former attempted to expand southward into Spārnu's territory under the pretext that the lands historically belonged to Kaudze. This opened the doors for the kingdoms south of the Belt to also take some of their lands. However, this attempt backfired as the Kingdom of Nokļūšana was readily prepared militarily and managed to annex land belonging to two of its southern neighbors. The three-sided conflict lasted until 1239, when the Kingdom of Kaudze called for a ceasefire as all its attempts to take over the Belt had continuously failed. In 1245, due to the unpredictable and volatile nature of Kaudze, the King of Skaja, Janus II, offered to form a joint state with the eight other Varic kingdoms, in a fashion not so disimilar from the Varic Empire, in order to withstand any possible future attacks from the threat presented by Kaudze. The three kingdoms comprising the Varic Belt agreed almost instantly, and in 1247, they joined their territories with Skaja to form the earliest form of the Union of Krona.

Union of Krona

 * Main article: Union of Krona

The name "Union of Krona" (Galvian: Kronisūnija) was first used in 1247, by King Janus II of Skaja, in reference to the alliance created between his kingdom and the kingdoms of the Varic Belt. The name Krona derives from the Galvian word kronis (meaning 'crown') to signify the unity of monarchies under a single state. In 1248, maps of the Union of Krona entered common circulation, and news of the union eventually reached the Kingdom of Kaudze. As a precautionary defensive maneuver against the Union, King Artjoms ordered the construction of the Wall of Uzkrājumi along the Kingdom's southern border. The Wall was finished in 1250, a year before the death of Artjoms. Artjoms was succeeded by his son Raivis I, who, unlike his father during his final moments before passing, had a much more aggressive approach to foreign threats, and in 1251, he ordered a section of the Wall of Uzkrājumi to be destroyed to allow for Kaudzian forces to advance onto the Union's territory. Despite the military alliance, the Kingdom of Kaudze was able to outmaneuver the Union's army, and successfully occupied the northern half of the Kingdom of Spārnu by 1252. The Kingdom of Kaudze continued advancing on Spārnik territory, annexing the entire kingdom by March of 1253. The loss of an entire kingdom to the Kaudzian army resulted in the remaining Varic kingdoms south of the Union to join them in an attempt to dismantle the Kingdom of Kaudze. The Union's bordered were officially redrawn in September of 1253 to encompass all newly joined Varic Kingdoms.

The Union of Krona declared war on the Kingdom of Kaudze in April of 1254, indicating the start of the Varic War. The war was fought primarily in the territory that encompasses present-day Tirguš and Neziņas, and lasted until 1257, with the capture of Kaudze-Prima, the capital city of the Kingdom of Kaudze. Soon after the city's capture, King Janus II executed Raivis I on 23 October 1257, officially putting an end to the Kaudzian monarchy. The kingdom of Kaudze was incorporated in its entirety into the Union of Krona and its lands were distributed between the members of the Union, and the Kingdom of Spārnu was given back its original lands. The Agreement of Krona between the nine kingdoms was drafter and signed in 1258, establishing the autonomy of each kingdom and prohibiting the central government from exercising overbearing authority over the Union. King Janus II was crowned King of Krona in January of 1259, renouncing to his Skajan heritage, lands, and titles. He was succeeded by his son Eižens III. In the first decade since its creation, the Union of Krona entered what is considered to be one of the most prosperous times in Galvic history up until that point. Between 1260 and 1269, not a single battle was fought on the Union's territory, and the central government had managed to rebuilt Varic relations with its neighboring countries. However, in 1270, the Union would witness its first and last catastrophe, as and diseases across the country's crops led to the start of a nation-wide. As a first attempt to contain the deaths caused by the famine, the central government began to trade materials for food from neighboring states, and redistribute them equally among the kingdoms. This was eventually met with resistance from the citizens as the kingdoms with the larger populations demanded bigger amounts of food; it is estimated that between 1271 and 1273, the kingdoms of Nokļūšana, Tēvijana, and Skaja lost around 50% of its population, based on the amount of death testimonials dating back to this time period. The nobles of the Union, on the other hand, were opposed to the proportional distribution of food, as they didn't want for one court to benefit more than another. In 1274, the kingdom of Skaja wrote a pleading letter to the central government asking for more food, claiming that most of their population had succumbed to the famine. Although met with resistance form the other courts, King Janus complied and increased the amount of food supplies delivered to Skajan territory. However, the following year, it was discovered that the Skajan nobility had been gathering bigger rations of food than the rest of the courts, leaving very little to be distributed among its population. This led to the Hunger Uprising of 1274 during the month of June, during which the Skajan people stormed the Zaļāizbrīns Castle in the kingdom's capital city and captured King Eižens with the help of the Skajan royal guard.

The Common War (1274 - 1276)

 * Main article: Common War

The Common War is an umbrella term referring to interim in the history of the Union of Krona, during which the Kingdom of Skaja was officially removed as an adherent kingdom. This was done in order to allow for the central government of the Union to go to war with the Kingdom of Skaja without defying the Agreement of Krona. King Janus marched into his native Skajan territory, on 4 April 1274, with the Union's army in a rescue delegation to return his son and King of Skaja, Eižens III, to the Union's court. Eižens III had been captured during a three weeks prior by the Skajan royal guard and the Skajan citizens, who began exchanging release letters with the central government of the Union, willing to trade the Skajan's monarch freedom for larger food rations from the Union, and threatening to kill King Eižens if both parties failed to come to an agreement. Unwilling to accept these terms, King Janus began to plan the rescue of his son, despite being met with resistance from the Union's nobility, who believed a war was an unnecessary spending of already limited resources.

During the initial months of the war, the Union was able to pull through much of Skajan territory, and by 1275, it had built several fronts near the Skajan capital. However, in February of 1275, the Kingdom of Dienvinurenes, that had up until that point been battle ground for the war as it stood between Skaja and the Union's capital territory, officially withdrew from the Union of Krona and announced it would declare war on the Union if the central government failed to retreat from Dienvinur territory. Not long after the ultimatum set by Dienvinurenes, King Janus was assassinated on 14 February 1275 during a small battle on the shores of the Nemitīgi River. He was immediately succeeded by Agris of Vēderija, who declared war on the Kingdom of Dienvinurenes, while simultaneously continuing the invasion on Skaja. This was regarded as treason by the remaining kingdoms of the Union, who collectively pulled all their soldiers from the ongoing war in an attempt to weaken Agris' advance on Skaja and Dienvinurenes. The war came to a halt in July of 1275, during which Agris and his remaining army returned to the Union's territory and began negotiations with the Kingdom of Skaja to recover King Eižens, and reintegrate his kingdom back into the Union. By September of 1275, the parties could not settle on a mutually beneficial agreement, resulting in the execution of King Eižens III in the Zaļāizbrīns Square on 27 September 1275. As a result, the Union advanced once again into Skajan territory to overthrow the Skajan royal guard, this time with the support of four out of the seven Varic courts. The Union's army advanced over Dienvinur territory in order to reach Skaja, which signified the start of a four-way war between the Union of Krona, the opposing Varic courts, and the Kingdoms of Dienvinurenes and Skaja, this specific period of the conflict is regarded as the Common War. Though specific numbers are unknown, it is estimated that around 500,000 people died during this time period, making it one of the biggest loses of life in Galvic history. In October of 1275, the Kingdom of Dienvinurenes was successfully annexed back into the Union, with the execution of Queen Tekla XVI and the entirety of the Dienvinur royal family, and their replacement by lesser nobles part of the Union's court.

The Common War came to an end in January of 1276, after the Union detained an executed the Skajan royal guard, inserting a noble of the Union's court as the new Skajan monarch. However, and in spite of the conflict coming to an end, the Common War served as impetus for the creation of the Legion of Galvia in 1280, and the eventual fall of the Union of Krona in 1296.

Legion of Galvia

 * Main article: Legion of Galvia

The Legion of Galvia was formed in 1280 by Antonija Ivuškāns, an alchemist born in Abatija in the Kingdom of Skaja. Antonija first founded the Legion as an underground anti-unionist group in 1277, a year after the end of the Common War, and the reincorporation of Skaja back into the Union of Krona. This underground group was originally referred to as Ar Uzviju, and its primary objective was the recollection of information from the central government and the Skajan court, as well as the stealing and redistribution of resources from the nobility and to the plebeians. The Ar Uzviju expanded to the neighboring kingdoms of Dienvinurenes, Nokļūšana and Tēvijana in 1278, and in 1279 it had members from all ten kingdoms in the Union, including the capital territory of Vidus. That same year Antonija joined the Royal Guard of Krona, disguised as a man under the name of Austris Jaunzems, as a way to overthrow the nobility and set the Ar Uzviju up as the new head of state. The Ar Uzviju was renamed the Legion of Galvia (Galvai Milzums) the following year in 1280, and Antonija was appointed, as Austris, commander of the Skajan division of the Union's Royal Guard.

Starting in 1280, the Legion began to undertake larger and riskier jobs, going as far as raiding the kitchens of castles or intercepting carriages traveling in between posts, and carrying goods from the nobility. Anonymous letters were found addressed to several members of the Union's nobility, threatening to set up castles on fire, or assassinate noble children in exchange for better living conditions for the commoners. In 1281, several members of the Legion became publicly exposed, including Antonija, which led to an immediate and  to be sent out across the Union. Antonija and the exposed followers quickly went into hiding, around May of 1281. No records of Antonija Ivuškāns exist between the years 1281 and 1285, which has led historians to believe her employment of one or several pseudonyms to move across the Union and eastern Alutra in secrecy.

Antonija went out of hiding in 1286, after which the Legion had grown significantly larger in size and resources. In December of 1286, the Legion of Galvia declared war on the Union of Krona, and began raiding several castles and cities across the country simultaneously, during which Antonija marched as commander of the largest front in the capital of Vidus. The war lasted four years before coming to an end in July of 1290.

Government
The Kingdom of Galvia is a  and  comprising ten kingdoms and an autonomous territory. The federal is the Monarch of Galvia, who holds the title of either King or Queen, meanwhile, the federal  is the Grand Secretariat of Galvia, a 4-year term elective position. The Constitution of Galvia, or Sesaprātsme, is and separates the government into three mutually responsible branches: the, the , and the.

Executive
The title of Monarch of Galvia is hereditary under a system of, meaning it'll always be passed down to the sovereign's eldest child, regardless of gender. In the event the doesn't meet the minimum ruling age required, the next person in line within the Galvian Royal Family over the age of 21 will be declared, and serve as the substitute Monarch in the Heir's place until this one comes of age. The current Monarch, Queen Margrieta III, crowned on 21 March 2007, is the tenth person to hold the title of Monarch of Galvia, the fifth Queen from the current royal line, and the youngest Monarch to have ascended the Galvian throne since King Leonārs I in 1731. Aside from being the federal head of state, the Monarch is also the Head of the Galvian Church, and holds that may be exercised without the Legislature's consent.

The federal head of government of Galvia is the Grand Secretariat, a 4-year term elective position that is part of both the Executive and the Legislature. The Grand Secretariat isn't directly elected, and is instead the leader of the to gain the majority vote during  for the parliament of Galvia, the Galvic Covenant. Upon election, the Grand Secretariat is in charge of forming the Government of Galvia, comprising 21, electing a to oversee the Legislature, and choosing three member of each political party to join the Middle House of the Legislature, the Svarias.



The Cabinet of Ministers, also referred to as the Government of Galvia, is a governmental body part of the Executive that is formed by the Ministers of Galvia and the Grand Secretariat. The main function of the Cabinet is to act as an advisory body to both the head of government and state through monthly reports that will be delivered to both. All ministers are drawn from the of the Legislature directly by the head of government. The ministers' is dependent on the Grand Secretariat as they are the ones to form the Cabinet, however, unlike the head of government, the ministers can be appointed for the position an indefinite amount of times, and may outstay the Grand Secretariat that originally appointed them. Once appointed, the only people with constitutional power to dissolve Cabinet are the members of the Legislature and the head of state.



All ten kingdoms of Galvia have a regional head of state, head of government and government. The heads of state are the Nobles of Galvia, referred to as either Lord or Lady, whose lineage dates back to the surviving Noble Houses of the kingdoms of Vakars and Lietus, and whose former territory comprises what is present day Galvia. Much like the Monarch, their title is passed down hereditarily. Nobles can dissolve the regional government, and hold reserve powers that mirror that of the Monarch. The Crown Capital Territory is the only administrative division without Nobles as it is under direct sovereignty of the Royal Family, and by extent the Monarch.

The regional heads of government are the Secretariats, all of whom have a 4-year term, and similarly to the Grand Secretariat, are elected through the regional Legislature during general elections. Secretariats are tasked with the formation of the regional government, the Councils, governmental bodies akin to the federal Cabinet but with fewer members, all of which are drawn from the regional Legislature. The members of the Council are the Delegates, who are in charge of the regional executive departments known as Delegations. All Delegates share a 4-year term with their regional Secretariat, by whom they are appointed but not bound to. Unlike Ministers who answer to both the federal head of state and head of government, the Delegates only report to the Secretariat, as the Nobles of Galvia hold a much more ceremonial position than their federal counterpart.

Legislature


The Legislature of Galvia functions under a, and is formed, on the federal level, by : the Lordship or Menors, the Svarias, and the Kopienas, all of which form the Galvic Covenant, simply known as the Covenant, or Galīgums, and meet at the Parliament of Galvia, in the capital city of Antonija. The Galvian Legislature is formed by, a collective term used to refer to all members of the Legislature regardless of chamber.

The Lordship (Menors) is the of the Legislature, and is formed by 22 members, known as Valdnieks, of which there are two for each administrative division. Of the 22 total, 20 of the Valdnieks are directly appointed by the Nobles of each kingdom, while the remaining 2, representatives of the Crown Capital Territory, are appointed by the Monarch. All members of the Lordship are members of the regional Noble Houses of Galvia or the Royal Family, and represent the monarchy in the Legislature. During legislative sessions, if a bill is presented to the Lower House, said bill must obtain an approving vote by from the Upper House before being presented to the Svarias.

The Kopienas is the of the Legislature, and is formed by 530 elected members known as Novēlēt, each of whom represents a. At the start of every secretarial term, ever four years, Novēlēt from the previous term are summoned by the Grand Secretariat to form the government by joining the Cabinet, to become of the Legislature, or to join the Middle House of the Covenant (Svarias). As the only elected chamber, the Grand Secretariat of Galvia is always elected through the Lower House of the Covenant as they are the leader of the political party to gain the majority vote after general elections.

The Svarias is the Middle House of the Legislature, and is formed by the Zvīņas, of which there are three for each political party in the Lower House after general elections. Despite not having a fixed number of members, the Svarias can never have fewer than 30 people; and in the event this number isn't met, the remaining seats will be filled by independent Novēlēt or members of the Noble Houses. The Middle House acts as the chamber in the Covenant, and its main purpose is passing or vetoing proposed bills before being passed to the head of government. The Svarias is the only chamber with the power to dissolve government, and remove other members of parliament from their position based on a. Unlike the Lower and Upper House, members of the Svarias must be renewed every four years after every general election, with no exception, as no member of parliament can hold a seat in the Middle House twice.

Unlike the Covenant, regional Legislatures are all. They are formed by elected every four years. Regional Legislatures are known as Reunions, and they follow the same system as the federal Legislature.

Judiciary
The judicial branch of the federal government is formed the Supreme Court of Galvia (Taismāja). The Supreme Court is run by nine Magistrates, four of which are appointed by the Monarch, four by Grand Secretariat, and one is elected by all citizens over the age of 35. Magistrates hold life tenure, and they can't be removed from their position unless caught in flagrante amidst committing a crime. The Supreme Court is in charge of interpreting the Constitution of Galvia, as well as the National Archive of Galvia which contains all passed laws, and dictating sentences accordingly.

The Judiciary of Galvia functions in hierarchical fashion, and it's divided into two categories (Courts and Tribunals), which in turn are divided into four geographic levels (National, Regional, Provincial, and Municipal). All Tribunals at any level are divided into two types (Inquiry and Adjure), while all Courts can only be of Adjure. Tribunals of Inquiry have three Judges each, and hear cases in the first instance to determine whether or not they warrant a to be present. Depending on the gravity of the case in inquiry, it should be presented to either a National, Regional, Provincial, or Municipal Tribunal. If a case is considered doubtful, it will be moved to a Tribunal or a Court of Adjure, depending on its severity. Tribunals and Courts of Adjure hear disputed cases once they've been ruled out by the Tribunals of Inquiry, and are formed by a single Judge and a 15 people jury.

The Supreme Court is the only one in the country to fall under the category of "Court of Last Resort", as it will only hear cases that have been rejected by Tribunals and Courts of Adjure. The Supreme Court will only act as a court of Inquiry on matters of political or government crimes, specific cases of national urgency (e.g. or ), and demands against the Galvian government.

Administrative divisions
The Kingdom of Galvia is divided into ten kingdoms and one territory, however, all eleven political divisions are oftentimes collectively referred to as 'kingdoms' for simplicity. Each kingdom holds jurisdiction over a defined geographic territory, where it shares sovereignty with the federal government. They are subdivided into and further divided into. The Crown Capital Territory (Karaļazemi) is the only division without shared sovereignty as it's entirely under federal jurisdiction, as a result, it does not have its own heads of state or government, laws, constitution.

Military
The Galvic Guard (Galviešu Zemessargs) are the Armed Forces of Galvia. In accordance with Article 33 of the Constitution of Galvia, the Grand Secretariat of is the Galvian armed forces, a title previously held by the Monarch of Galvia until the Constitutional Reform of 1986. During wartime, the position of Commander-in-Chief may be reassigned to the Director of Combat of Galvia if the Grand Secretariat wishes to do so. The Galvic Guard consists of the National Army, the National Navy, the National Air Forces, and the Royal Guard. The military is the only aspect of government that only exists at the federal level, as the Constitution prohibits the Kingdoms of Galvia to possess their own armed forces.

The Galvic Guard has a combined manpower of 476,000 active duty personnel and another 780,000 active reserve personnel. The armed forces are managed by the Ministry of War of Galvia, headed by the Minister of War, and commanded by the Defence Council of Galvia, headed by the Grand Secretariat of Galvia during wartime, and the Director of Combat of Galvia during peacetime. The Galvian defense budget has increased from Ꝟ11 billion to Ꝟ37 billion in 2019, accounting for approximately 3.2% of the total GDP (PPP) as of 2022. Since 2018, the Ministry of War has refused to issue a public statement regarding this budgetary increase to the country's military expenses. The National Army of Galvia (Galvijas Nacionālā Armija) is the land-based, and has a total manpower of 590,000 active personnel (duty and reserve), and at more than half a million people, it's the largest branch of the Galvian military. A subdivision of the Army is the Frontier Guard, stationed across Galvia's international borders and all points of entry into the country, such as and, whose main objective is the prevention of illegal border crossing into and out of Galvia. The Army is also subdivided into the National Žandarmērija, stationed throughout Galvia is various specific locations. The Žandarmērija (or ) will act as border patrol forces, defending and patrolling the land frontiers between the Galvian Kingdoms, antiterrorism, VIP escort missions, hostage situations and special military operations in war times (when it's attached to the National Army). It is also responsible for the protection of key facilities (such as nuclear or governmental), and recovery in case of criminal or enemy activities, counter-narcotraffic operations, internal security reinforcement, pacification, smuggling control, road controls on federal and regional highways, and counter-sedition activities under martial law. As a nation, the National Army of Galvia is considered the most vital section of the Galvian military, and around 35% of the Armed Forces' total budget is directed toward it.

The National Navy of Galvia (Galvijas Nacionālā Eskadra) is the branch of the Armed Forces principally designated for naval and amphibious warfare, namely -borne,, , or -borne combat operations and related functions. It has a total manpower of 190,000 active personnel (duty and reserve), and it's the smallest branch of the military, consequence of Galvia's location as a landlocked country. Despite it's lack of direct access to the world's oceans, the Navy of Galvia has one active subdivision in the form of the National Coast Guard, in charge of patrolling the country's two largest lakes: Western and Eastern Varas (Rietumuvaras and Austrumuvaras), as well as all rivers flowing in and out of Galvia. The remaining National Navy is stationed in military harbors in Renesia, in the cities of Weinsbeck and Liesnier, as part of the Rabe Treaty signed in 1941, where it's tasked, during peacetime, with ensuring the safe passage of merchant ships entering Galvia through Renesia, following the course of the Pon River. The National Air Forces of Galvia (Galvijas Nacionālā Gaisa Spēki) is the branch of the military that primarily conducts. During wartime it's responsible for, carrying out and  missions, and providing support to  and  often in the form of  and. It has a total manpower of 310,000 active personnel (duty and reserve). During peacetime, the Air Forces' tasks are reduced to air policing, ensuring that the of Galvia is enforced by all nations, and.

The Royal Guard of Galvia (Galvijas Karaliskā Gvarde) is the smallest branch of the military in charge of safeguarding the Galvian Royal Family both domestically and internationally. The Royal Guard is on itself divided into 2 branches: the Ceremonial Guard, present during all public events taking place in Galvia during which any member of the Royal Family might be present; and the Itinerant Guard, tasked with accompanying any member of the Royal Family during any travel abroad. The Royal Guard employs 166,000 people active at all times.

Population

 * Main article: Population of Galvia

As of 2022, six cities in Galvia have a population of over one million people, with the largest of these being the capital city of Antonija, one of the largest capital cities in eastern Alutra with 3,709,388 within its city limits, and over 7 million people living in the surrounding metropolitan area. Most cities are located on either one or both shores of one of the country's many rivers, attributed to the country's landlocked position. As of 2022, 55.1% of the population lives in the twenty largest cities, and an additional 32.4% in smaller cities and towns, making for a total of 87.5% of the population living in, with the remaining 12.5% living in.

Ethnicity

 * Main article: Galvic people, Zemaki people, Tretuish people

Based on the 2020 census, the Department of Population and Census of Galvia issued a statistical report that stated that around 72.6% of the population identified as ethnic and linguistically Galvic, 10.2% identified as Zemaki, 7.3% identified as Tretuish, 5% as Ecoral, 3.1% as Serpentine, 1.6% as Renesian, and the remaining 0.2% as 'Other' or 'Unknown'. It is estimated that, despite associating with a specific ethnolinguistic group, around 46% of the total population is actually, with a 34% of those being mixed between Galvic and other minority ethnicity present in Galvia.

Galvic people are the native population, and ethnic majority at 26.9 million people, of Galvia (excluding the Greater Zemakija sub-region), with records of their presence in the territory dating as far back as 10,000 BCE. Linguistically, every Galvic person in Galvia declared a full comprehension and usage of the in every day life, with the cities reporting the largest number of Galvic citizens being the capital city of Antonija (2.8 million), Aizsargāt (2.2 million), and Novērošana (1.1 million). Galvic people have shared historical ties with ethnically Renesian people, however, both communities have remained distinct from one another, and, though not a, the Galvian language shares virtually no similarities with any other language in east Alutra. Zemaki people make up the largest ethnic minority in the country, accounting for a total of nearly 3.7 million people. The ethnic name Zemaki comes from the Galvian word zemākais (meaning 'inferior' or 'lower'), and though primarily used in reference to the -speaking communities of western Galvia, over time it has been adopted as an umbrella term to refer to all Letanic ethnic groups in the region (Zemaki, Avakht, Oxellians, Ardvogals, Recens, etc.). The name stems from the time of the Sacred Expansion in the 1450s during which Greater Zemakija was annexed as a part of Galvia, and its inhabitants were regarded as lower-class citizens due to their different style of living. Zemaki people in Galvia refer to themselves as Gortseviy (Горцевй) in their native Zemaki language, meaning 'people of the highlands', in reference to their native land's geography. The Zemaki people have close historical ties to Bolotovskian Empire, to which they were a part of before being conquered by the United Kingdoms of Galvia, which has resulted in the rise of numerous separatist movements over the years, and a constant advocation for the improvement of Zemaki life conditions as Galvian citizens. The cities that reported the largest amount of Zemaki population are Varasitija (600,000 people), Yugzamok (480,000 people), and Aslēpto (450,000 people).

Tretuish and Ecoral people make up the second and third largest ethnic minority at 2.7 million and 1.8 million people respectively. Both of these groups stem from the territory that encompasses present-day Ecoralia, with an existing Tretuish diaspora of around 10 million people existing outside of the country. Galvia hosts the largest population of ethnically Tretuish people living outside of Ecoralia, most of whom live in the kingdoms of Tirguš and Žvanijak where the Tretuish language has been official since the 1990s. Since Autumn Riots of 1956, the government has put specific sanctions on its Tretuish population, resulting in a more oppressive treatment from the Galvic population. Both Ecoral and Tretuish people in Galvia are the most different from the native Galvics, and Galvian Tretuish citizens in particular tend to avoid procreating with non-Tretuish people. The cities reporting the largest amount of Tretuish and Ecoral population are Sienal (1.2 million), Krustojums (800,000 people), and Vijums (550,000 people). The city of Ziemeļumežs in Lietus is the only city in all of Galvia to be inhabited in its entirety by non-Galvic people, with all 454,294 of its citizens as of 2020 reporting to be ethnically Ecoral, Renesian or Tretuish.

Serpentine people make up the fourth largest ethnic minority at 1.1 million people. Much like 'Zemaki', the term 'Serpentine' in Galvia is used to encompass all ethnic groups within the Serpentines region in Alutra (Izlegalian, Aquizi, Marte, Gožyar, and Vojanak). Most Serpentine people living in Galvia are descendants of illegal immigrants from Izlegal, Aquizireiki and Vojana. Due to historical turmoil in the region, the southeastern region of Galvia is the most heavily patrolled and secured part of the country. Serpentine people were only recognized as a separate ethnicity of Galvia in 2014, however, the government has shown no initiative in taking more inclusive measurements such as linguistic or cultural recognition. The cities reporting the largest number of Serpentine citizens are Izbēdzis (250,000 people), Vilciena (200,000 people), and Alķīmija (100,000 people).

The smallest recognized ethnic minority are Renesians at nearly 600,000 people. About half of all Renesians living in Galvia are believed to be descendants of the Renesian population that was living in what is present-day Neziņas during the Varic Empire 1st century, while the other half is comprised of children or grandchildren of Renesian immigrants. Renesians hold the closest historical ties with Galvic people out of any other Alutran ethnic group, and they became the first ethnicity outside of Galvic to be officially recognized by the government in the 19th century, and most Galvian-Renesians have dual citizenship for both countries. The cities reporting the largest amount of Renesian population are Zvanas (430,000 people), Kaudze (100,000 people), and Sarkagrauds (70,000 people).

Language

 * Main article:, 

The Constitution of the Kingdom of Galvia recognizes two languages to hold official status on the federal level: and. The Galvian language is the native language of the Galvic people, with origins in present-day southern Galvia around the vicinity of the Varas Lakes. The language has been spoken in the territory since its inception and has been the predominant language of the Galvic people throughout all of their history. The Zemaki language is part of a broader linguistic family distributed across central Alutra, and is the native language of the Zemak people who originated in what is present-day western Galvia.

Galvian is spoken by nearly 35.7 million people as a first and second language, and is the official language of all eleven kingdoms in the country, as well as the federal signage language. Until 2005, all academic institutions across the country, with the exception of bilingual schools, were only allowed to teach classes in Galvian, and the was not used for signage until 2008. Despite the increase in linguistic equality across the country, all public government sessions, royal addresses to the public, federal broadcasting channels, and most translations of foreign material are done in Galvian and not Zemaki.

Zemaki is spoken by around 4 million people as a first and second language, it's the official language of three kingdoms in Galvia (Cietoķsni, Rozežjosla, and Zemakija), and has been one of two federal languages since 2015 after the Legislature passed the Aslanov Law, named after Zemaki activist Yegor Aslanov, which pushed for complete linguistic equality between Galvian, Zemaki, and their counterparts. Aslanov Law requires all broadcast media in the country (TV, radio, newspapers, magazines, etc.) to issue all of its reports in both Galvian and Zemaki, include Zemaki subtitles, or Zemaki. This law also allows for all schools in Zemaki-speaking provinces to teach classes in Zemaki as the primary language and Galvian as a second language, and commands the Ministry of Education to recognize university degrees from Zemaki institutions equally as valid as those granted by Galvian universities.