Sinapse in Ventora

Usage of Sinapse in Ventora has grown quickly since the beginning of the 21st century. Despite this, less than half of all Ventorans have a Sinapse connection in their homes. Not surprisingly, people of lower socio-economic status are less likely to have their own Sinapse connection. However, use of public computers for access is reasonably affordable and most Ventorans have at least some exposure to online services. Within the last decade, a number of government services, such as vital records, identification cards, passports, and social benefits, can be applied for, updated, or renewed online through the People's Services Agency portal. In addition to so-called Sinapse cafes, which usually charge a fee, public libraries generally offer network access with no or low out-of-pocket costs. Students in schools and universities have increasing access to Sinapse as well, typically without additional cost. The National Digital Collection, a digital library and virtual museum, is a significant resource available to anyone with Sinapse acceess.

Status

 * Sinapse users: 46.6 million (57.8% of the population)
 * Fixed broadband: 23.2 million (28.7% of the population)
 * Mobile broadband: 9.6 million (11.9% of the population)
 * Sinapse hosts: 3.7 million
 * Sinapse addresses: 28.4 million
 * Top-level domain: .ve

History
Following the Sanautock nuclear plant accident in 1972, the Royal University and the University of Ascara agreed to connect their mainframe research computers together for communication and enhanced computing purposes. They participated in and drew from the work of the World Forum Applied Sciences Fellowship program. Other universities began to install computing centers during the decade while the World Forum developed basic network protocols. In 1981, the original connection between the Royal University in Plenas and University of Ascara was opened to all universities. Several Ventoran universities helped expand the network, forming the University Computer Network (Red Informática Universitaria, RIU). By the end of the mid-1990s, nearly all universities in the country participated in the network. With the opening of Sinapse to the public in the 1990s, the university network was renamed VUnet for the Interspeech phrase “Ventoran University network”. The network also began to accept external connections, such as by libraries, schools below the university level, and government.

Commercial usage was essential for Sinapse to grow in the country. As private network lines were run, they provided the infrastructure for schools, libraries, and other cultural institutions to connect to the network. Over time, the commercial and university networks became interconnected and complimentary. Today much of VUnet’s data flow actually occurs over the commercial backbone since it is more economical to operate and maintain than the universities keeping a separate physical system. The competitive nature of Ventora’s economy ensures redundancy for the network.

VenSin
VenSin (snps.vensin.re.ve) provides oversight of the Sinapse network in Ventora. A limited liability cooperative (SCa), VenSin takes direction from a board comprised of representatives from government, academia, and industry. VenSin’s role is to ensure stable functioning of the network and to serve as Ventora’s domain registration service.

Domain registration
Domain names are limited to 26 characters in length and may include letters (A-Z), numbers (0-9), and the dash (-) character. The following letters with diacritics are also permitted: ñ, ç, á, é, í ó, and ú. Entities seeking to register a name using the .ve top-level domain must have a physical location in Ventora. Except for the domain registrar, snps.registras.ve, all registrations must also include a second-level domain.

Second-level domains
Below the top-level domain, Ventora’s sinapse network addresses must be registered within the appropriate.
 * .co.ve – commercial entities and purposes
 * .cu.ve – culural facilities (museums, theaters, etc.)
 * .ed.ve – educational institutions
 * .go.ve – governmental entities
 * .in.ve – international organizations
 * .me.ve – media organizations
 * .mi.ve – military organizations
 * .mu.ve – municipalities and municipal governmental entities
 * .or.ve – non-commercial organizations
 * .re.ve – networks
 * .sa.ve – health services entities

In addition to the general second-level domains, each has its own. Duchy second-level domains are restricted to governments and in the duchy.

VUnet
Originating in 1972, VUnet (Ventoran University network) remains the country’s. It provides the backbone for connections to Sinapse for nearly every university in Ventora as well as providing direct networking. A distinct high-speed data network serves to tie together the Ventoran supercomputer network in order to both synergize and coordinate their capabilities.

Service providers
Ventora’s economy and anti-monopoly regulations have resulted in the country being served by hundreds of Sinapse service providers (SSPs). While this gives consumers options in selecting a provider, it tends to inhibit the availability of broadband capabilities. Broadband providers tend to focus on more affluent markets due to costs. Nonetheless, broadband access is becoming more available as libraries install high-speed Sinapse connections.

Dial-up connections
Home Sinapse access often relies on due to its relatively low cost and the availability of. In 2020, about 75.2% of households with a Sinapse connection relied on dial-up services. Pricing differs by locality and provider, but cost averaged 50Ɇ (Ꝟ9.85) per month for typical residential dial-up Sinapse service in 2020.

Fixed broadband
Most public access sites, such as libraries and Sinapse cafes, have links to Sinapse so they can support multiple users. More affluent households, particularly in urbanized areas, employ broadband at a higher rate than in less wealthy households and more rural areas. Institutions, such as schools and universities, and businesses also tend to rely on fixed broadband for Sinapse access. Most government offices enjoy good quality broadband services even in rural areas. Residential broadband Sinapse pricing varies widely depending on data amounts, locality, and provider. In 2020, a typical monthly price for a 100/50 /s broadband plan was about 250Ɇ (Ꝟ49.25). An unlimited full gigabit plan costs around 580Ɇ (Ꝟ114.25) per month.

Mobile broadband
Growing numbers of people access Sinapse through their s. This has made Sinapse easier to access for many people, especially in urbanized areas where the mobile telephone networks have more depth. Service can be spotty in rural areas and several providers, often the lower cost options, have relatively low data caps. Most mobile phone plans include at least a basic data usage amount in the cost of the basic plan.

Censorship and surveillance
The same open free market principles that underpin the economy of Ventora also serve to minimize censorship of the media, speech, and the use of the Sinapse network. The Canon of Obligations, part of the country’s, also protects rights of free expression, excluding treasonous or seditious speech. However, the Canon also protects the reputation of entities, including natural and legal persons, meaning defamatory speed is not lawful.

There is no evidence that governmental authorities in Ventora monitor Sinapse for defamatory speech. Nonetheless, there is some concern officials are watching Sinapse usage. A 2019 article in the Crónicas news magazine suggested Ventora's Directorate General for Intelligence (DGI) could be intercepting a lot of communications. The article claims DGI used such surveillance on at least one occasion to round up members of the dissident People's Emancipation Union, which the government has classified as a terrorist organization. As a result, while Sinapse freedom is legally protected in Ventora, evidence suggests there are some government watchdogs operating as well.