Plenas

 is a and the  of Ventora. Located on the shores of the !Mediterranean Sea, the city covers 104.6 km2 in the of Arava. As of the 2020 census, the city's population is 1,235,073, with 4,211,220 in the metropolitan area. The current mayor (: alcalde, fem. alcaldesa) is María Fernanda Pérez Castro. Settlements at present-day Plenas date from the BC era, with the city's formal founding dated in 1348.

Etymology
Scholars are not certain about the origins of the name Plenas since the name seems to have originated during times around the first settlements in the area. The name was established on early maps dating from the mid-500s. It was formally codified in the first city charter in 1348.

History
The first known settlements in the area of present-day Plenas date from before the first century BC. The city's official founding year is recognized as 1348 although settlements have existed in the vicinity since long before that date.

Local governance
Plenas is governed by an elected city council (ayuntamiento) consisting of 46 members elected by delegates to an electoral conclave. The delegates are selected under the same as used for national elections. The mayor is the chief executive of the city and presides over the council.

Capital of Ventora
The of Ventora is Plenas. The Regent, who is, has his official residence in the Regent's Palace (Palacio del Regente). Plenas is also home to the official residence of the Governor-General, who is. The headquarters of the ministerial departments, called commissions, and seats of both houses of &mdash;the General Congress and People's Assembly.

Economy
The city's economy continues its historic trading traditions, with the port being a large sector of the local economy. As the national capital, government employees make up a large portion of the workforce in the metropolitan area.

Culture
El Patria (lit. "The Homeland"), the largest daily newspaper in country, is published in Plenas. It is considered the newspaper of record and enjoys a nationwide circulation.

Infrastructure
Like other modern cities, Plenas enjoys a well-developed infrastructure. Several companies offer electrical, telephone, water, and sewer services, with nearly 79% of the city having a choice between more than two providers of each service. At least two companies compete for customers throughout the city and its region.

Regional transit
In addition to highways and roads, Plenas includes a variety of public transport options coordinated by the Plenas Transport Council (Consejo de Transportes de Plenas, CTP). CTP oversees and coordinates the rapid transit system, commuter rail lines, trams, and bus routes, with representatives and staff from each of the companies involved, along with city and regional government representatives as well.

Metropolitan Rapid (Rápido Metropolitano) offers rapid transit, predominantly sub-surface, with three lines. The Red Line, provided by North-South Transit Company (TNS), runs mostly north-south, as it's name implies. It is the longest of the lines. Transit North of Plenas (TNP) owns and operates the Blue Line which runs northeast from central Plenas and connects to Plenas Global Aerodrome at Terminal 2. The third line, the Yellow Line, runs east-west and northeast from the city center, with Plenas Transport Company (ETP) as the owner-operator. Fares on Metropolitan Rapid vary based on distance traveled. CTP has developed a magnetic-stripe farecard scheme, which all three Rapid lines honor, enabling riders to transfer from one line to another, paying the total fare upon completion of their journey.

Commuter railway services, under the moniker Cercanías Plenas, provide regional rail travel. The four railroad companies with routes to the city run their commuter rail operations. They coordinate schedules with CTP to facilitate transfers to different modes of transport. The companies have not adopted a uniform fare system like the Rapid farecard. Riders must, therefore, pay their fares, which vary based on trip length, on each line or mode of transport independently.

The city government operates an extensive network of tram services on several routes. The services are rather popular for their efficiency and single fare paid on boarding. A half dozen bus companies provide schedule routes, some in competition with the trams. Most routes have at least two companies providing bus service along at least portions of their distance, the major differences involving service frequency, equipment quality, pricing, and route. Some bus companies have agreed to low-cost transfer tickets which allow a rider to pay the fare on one company's bus and then buy a reduced-price transfer ticket to ride another company's bus without paying that company's full fare if boarding within the hour. While the tram and bus companies work with CTP to synchronize schedules, they have not participated in coordination of fares between providers.

Long distance travel
Railways serve Plenas with both freight and passenger services. Plenas Global Aerodrome offers domestic and international travel through any of several air transport companies. The companies own and operate the aerodrome as a consortium through the infrastructure efficiencies exception in the law that prevents monopolistic activities.