Plenas

 is a and the  of Ventora. Located on the shores of the Abayadi Sea, the city covers 104.6 km2 and is the third most populous municipality with a population of 1,358,580 in 2020. The metropolitan area has a population of 4,946,218.

Settlements at present-day Plenas date from at least the second century BCE era, with the city's formal founding dated in 848 BCE. One of several trading s in its early history, Plenas rose to prominence in the region after Nauigio's decline following the Flax Tax Revolt in 226 BCE. Plenas' prestige was solidified when it was designated as the capital of the Coastal Confederation in 274 CE.

Ventora's capital since 959, as well as capital of the of Plenas  and the  of Arava, Plenas is the political center of both the country and its region. It is also the economic hub and cultural heart of its section of the country.

Etymology
Scholars are not certain about the origins of the name Plenas since the name seems to have originated during times around the first settlements in the area. The name was established on early maps dating from the mid-500s. It was formally codified in the city charter adopted in 213.

History
The first known settlements in the area of present-day Plenas date from before the second century BC. The city's official founding year is recognized as 848 BCE when the became prepotent locally. It became more prestigious in the region after Nauigio lost its role as the leading city-state in 226 BCE after the Flax Tax Revolt that year. By 45 BCE, Plenas became a tributary to Haksarad. The earliest recorded charter for Plenas as a city was adopted in 213 CE.

Local governance
Plenas is governed by an elected city council (ayuntamiento) consisting of 46 members elected by delegates to an electoral conclave. The delegates are selected under the same three-tier franchise as used for national elections. The mayor is the chief executive of the city and presides over the council.

Capital of Ventora
The of Ventora is Plenas. The Regent, who is, has his official residence in the Regent's Palace (Palacio del Regente). Plenas is also home to the official residence of the Governor General, who is. The headquarters of the ministerial departments, called commissions, and seats of both houses of &mdash;the Grand Council of State and People's Assembly.

Economy
The city's economy continues its historic trading traditions, with the port being a large sector of the local economy. Plenas grew to prominence following the Flax Tax Revolt in Nauigio in 226 BCE. Plenas used, a more resilient crop than , for making canvas for. As a result, Plenas was well positioned to provide sails to traders in the northwest Abayadi Sea region, which led to the small city-state supplanting Nauigio as the dominant port in the region. While the port is no longer as important as it once was, it is still a significant economic activity for the city.

As the national capital, government employees make up a large portion of the workforce in the metropolitan area.

Culture
El Patria (lit. "The Homeland"), the largest in the country, is published in Plenas. It is considered the and enjoys a nationwide circulation.

Infrastructure
Like other modern cities, Plenas enjoys a well-developed infrastructure. Several companies offer electrical, telephone, water, and sewer services, with nearly 79% of the city having a choice between more than two providers of each service. At least two companies compete for customers throughout the city and its region.

Regional transit
In addition to highways and roads, Plenas includes a variety of public transport options coordinated by the Plenas Transport Council (Consejo de Transportes de Plenas, CTP). CTP oversees and coordinates the rapid transit system, commuter rail lines, trams, and bus routes, with representatives and staff from each of the companies involved, along with city and regional government representatives as well.

Metropolitan Rapid (Rápido Metropolitano) offers, predominantly sub-surface, with three lines. The Red Line, provided by Districts Metro Transport (Tránsito Metropolitano de Barrios, TMB), runs from the southwest to the northeast. It is the longest of the lines at 52.3 km and has 28 stations, including at both Plenas Global Aerodrome terminals. Transit North of Plenas (TNP) owns and operates the Blue Line which runs northerly from central Plenas. There are 21 stations on its 34.7 km length. The third line, the Green Line, running east-west for 39.5 km with 16 stations, with Plenas Transport Company (Empressa de Transporte Plenas, ETP) as the owner-operator. Fares on Metropolitan Rapid vary based on distance traveled. CTP has developed a magnetic-stripe stored value farecard scheme, which all three Rapid lines honor, enabling riders to transfer from one line to another, paying the total fare upon completion of their journey.

Commuter railway services, under the moniker Cercanías Plenas, provide regional rail travel. The four railroad companies with routes to the city run their commuter rail operations. They coordinate schedules with CTP to facilitate transfers to different modes of transport. The companies have not adopted a uniform fare system like the Rapid farecard. Riders must, therefore, pay their fares, which vary based on trip length, on each line or mode of transport independently.

The city government operates an extensive network of tram services on several routes. The services are rather popular for their efficiency and single fare paid on boarding. A half dozen bus companies provide schedule routes, some in competition with the trams. Most routes have at least two companies providing bus service along at least portions of their distance, the major differences involving service frequency, equipment quality, pricing, and route. Some bus companies have agreed to low-cost transfer tickets which allow a rider to pay the fare on one company's bus and then buy a reduced-price transfer ticket to ride another company's bus without paying that company's full fare if boarding within the hour. While the tram and bus companies work with CTP to synchronize schedules, they have not participated in coordination of fares between providers.

Long distance travel
Railways serve Plenas with both freight and passenger services. Plenas Global Aerodrome offers domestic and international travel through any of several air transport companies. The companies own and operate the aerodrome as a consortium through the infrastructure efficiencies exception in the law that prevents monopolistic activities.