Transport in Ventora

Transport in Ventora consists of a network of roads, railways, airports, and waterways for the movement of people and goods within Ventora and for connecting the country to the rest of the world. The transport system is coordinated by the Public Works Commission, but it is an amalgamation of public and private infrastructure.

Railway transport
While Ventoran railways run to neighbor countries, such as Esharat and Watan, the Ventoran standard gauge, at, requires a for through traffic. Railway track covers a distance of 26474 km with 15487 km electrified. Most rail lines in the country are privately owned and operated although the Public Works Commission does provide some oversight to ensure the network is rationalized.

Passenger service
Ventora has a fairly comprehensive standard passenger rail service connecting to many throughout the country. In addition to inter-city service, a number of urban areas have service which supports day trips and work commuters in their metropolitan area. Chief among these are the systems in Alsore, Ascara, Lora, and Plenas-Nauigio.

Rail line owners typically provide passenger service on their lines. Inter-city schedules are fairly well coordinated among the operators to ensure efficient service and to provide for good connections with other routings. Some providers have formed run-through agreements which provide one-seat rides for passengers along a route even when the service is provided by different companies. or county governments often coordinate regional rail services through an authority or coordinating agency to ensure good and synchronized services.

High-speed rail
Since 1992, the country has been expanding under the Tren Rápido moniker. The high-speed network currently connects cities along the south coast and in the southwest. The network has a long-term expansion program to expand into the central regions of the country. The current high-speed network route covers 5,121 km with a further 1,132 km under construction. In 2019, a record 23,488,500 passengers traveled by high-speed rail.

Cities with metro/light rail systems

 * Aguazarca – Aguazarca Metro
 * Aja – Tranvía Aja
 * Amerita – Amerita Tram
 * Alsore – Alsore Metro, Alsore Tramways
 * Ascara – Ascara Metro, Ascara Tramlines
 * Carmenio – Carmenio Tram
 * Cerrillos – Cerrillos Tram
 * Escalo – Escalo Metro, Tranvía Escalo
 * Escapulas – Tranvía Escapulas
 * Lora – Lora Metro, Tranvía Lora
 * Nauigio – Tranvía Nauigio
 * Nicó – Nicó Tram
 * Palmita – Palmita Metro, Tranvía Palmita
 * Plenas – Plenas Metro, Tranvía Plenas
 * Prietas – Prietas Tram
 * Sensutin – Sensutin Metro, Sensutin Tram
 * Somozas – Somozas Tram
 * Yacula – Yacula Tram

Freight service
Numerous rail companies provide rail service for the movement of goods to almost every corner of the country. In 2019, 39.7% of domestic cargo movement was by rail.

Roads
Roadways facilitate the local, regional, and long-distance transport of people by automobile and buses. Similarly, goods are often moved using roads and highways. There are 732190 km of roads in Ventora, of which 233935 km are paved. A number of regional roads, some of which are built to motorway standards, are public-private partnerships with various schemes for their construction and maintenance. Other regional roads, and most local streets, are built and maintained by the duchy, county, and/or government. Public roadway funding derives primarily from goods and service taxes (GST) on fuels, although it is up to the local authority to determine its funding and budgeting.

Private road vehicles, including commercial goods haulers, make up the majority of road users. All road vehicles must be registered and display a registration plate. Vehicle operators must also be licensed for the type of vehicle in order to use roadways open to the public. Speed limits are the prerogative of the local jurisdictions in which roads are located. They are often based on road and local conditions and most adhere to national design standards:
 * 40 km/h in residential areas
 * 70 km/h on major roadways
 * 100 km/h on highways
 * 130 km/h on



Highways
Accounting for 20985 km of roadways, the Autovia s connect most major cities in Ventora. In addition to routes through the country, a National Belt will run through all of the border duchies. Construction has not yet begun on the northern A10 Autovia but 90% of the rest of the National Belt is complete. Many Autovias include service plazas along the route for travelers to refuel or service their vehicles and obtain other goods and services, such as dining and lodging.

Nearly all Autovias are privately owned, operated, and maintained. Users pay to use the Autovias by means of, subscription, or purchasing usage passes. There is no set standard on how owners charge for road use, but most fees are based on the distance traveled. Since the turn of the century, has gained in popularity and is now common on most tolled Autopistas Some owners have agreements allowing users to travel on different Autovias with a single payment, not unlike using a transfer ticket between different modes of public transit. Such schemes are quite popular with commercial vehicle fleets, such as bus services and cargo hauling firms.

Other national highways run throughout the country. Some are built to Autovia standards while most are two or four lane s, typically making connections with other routes at s. Duchies, counties, and municipalities oversee networks of roads in their jurisdictions that may serve as regional main roads or for local traffic. Some duchy routes may be dual carriageways but most other roads are s.

Bus transport
Many cities have transit bus lines. Fixed-route systems are the most common. Smaller cities often offer on-demand services which sometimes compete with taxi operations. In larger cities, taxis tend to be the predominant means for on-demand local or regional travel when a privately-owned vehicle is not used. Some cities and large facilities, such as aiports, often provide short-distance, dedicated route shuttle buses.

Numerous companies offer regional and inter-city or long-distance coach service. Regional lines often connect smaller cities and rural municipalities with the passenger rail system. Coach lines offer a significant feeder service to both conventional and high-speed passenger rail routings. Buses are often slower than even standard passenger rail, but fares are also generally lower, ensuring such services enjoy steady patronage. Although not strictly a means of transport, there is a growing segment for tourist bus operations in which coaches offer single or several day excursions in various cities or regions, particularly to visit certain points of interest.

Waterways
As a maritime country, Ventora has over a dozen major ports handling all types of cargo for both imports and exports. The country boasts dozens more harbors and smaller ports. A well-developed system of waterways making use of the rivers and supplementary canals serves as an efficient means of moving bulk commodities from the ports to interior areas of the country. Private providers operate the waterways by concession from the government.

With 12540.6 km of navigable rivers, about 29% of goods move by way of vessels along rivers and coastal routes. The Lávar River is the main waterway for transport of goods beyond the Abayadi Sea. The Topata and Sebria rivers provide significant navigable waterways branching off the Lávar. From the Bay of Eshar, the Toguez system is the most important waterway in southern Ventora. Additional navigable waterways include the Quala, Bobato, and Nasidu rivers which all empty into the Abayadi.

Ports
Ventora's busiest ports include Aguazarca, Alsore, Ascara, Lora, and Plenas. Other major ports include Aja, Armeria, Criloto, Escalo, Escapulas, Nauigio, Palmita, Prietes, Sansutin, and Yacula. Cargo throughput in 2017 was 518.6 million tonnes.

Merchant marine
In 1940, merchant marine service became an accepted alternative to mandatory military service in Ventora to support the Ventoran Armed Forces during the Second World War. The Ventoran Mariners Guild (: Gremio de Marineros Ventoranos, GMV) sets qualification standards for commercial vessel crewmembers and has oversight of mariner training programs. While the GMT issues mariner credentials, vessel operators must be licensed by the Transport Licensure Service (Servicio de Licencias de Transporte, SLT).

Ventora's 82 shipping companies own and operate 265 cargo vessels of size 1,000 or above. The companies employ about 9,500 personnel at sea and 11,600 on shore. Merchant ships registered in Ventora by type, as of 2018, include:
 * Bulk carrier: 44
 * Cargo: 25
 * Chemical tanker: 19
 * Container: 88
 * Liquefied gas: 13
 * Passenger/cargo: 23
 * Petroleum tanker: 27
 * Refrigerated cargo: 8
 * Roll on/roll off: 11
 * Vehicle carrier: 4
 * Livestock carrier: 3

Air transport
The air transport sector is very competitive with several regional and national air carriers. Domestic air travel must also compete with rail transport. Tren Rápido high-speed rail on several routes challenges air travel in time and convenience. Conventional passenger rail fares are usually significantly less costly than flight tickets while air travel is faster, especially on longer routes.

Airports
Each duchy has at least one for flights to and from countries across Vanatas. Beyond the country's 32 global aerodromes, which also offer domestic travel, there are 24 airports with scheduled domestic-only passenger service, 177 general aviation airports, and 142 private airfields. The busiest and first commercial airport in the country is Ascara Global Aerodrome which serves Ascara, the country's financial hub. Plenas Global Aerodrome, serving the national capital of Plenas, is the country's second busiest airport by passenger volume.

Airlines
Over a dozen scheduled commercial airlines have head offices in Ventora. There are a further 32 operators located in the country offering non-scheduled air service. A number of foreign carriers also serve Ventoran airports. Avensa is the country's, offering scheduled and charter domestic and international passenger and cargo transport. Rounding out the top five commercial airlines based in the country are AlutranAir, Carga Aérea Primero, Cielobús, and Ventavia. Major international scheduled airlines serving the country includes Connext Airlines.

Pipelines
Natural gas, petroleum and refined products, and water comprise the main commodities transported by pipeline across the country. Pipelines avoid the need to ship volatile fuels via road vehicles hauling tanker trailers For bulk liquids, pipelines are typically more efficient than railroad tank cars, as well. Ammonia, alcohol fuels, hydrogen, and a variety of other bulk liquids also move through pipelines. Within cities, pipes also serve district heating plants to distribute heat from central plants to thousands of residential and commercial customers within their districts. Key pipelines include:
 * 11,962 km
 * 622 km
 * 4061 km