Citrio Ibáñez Zavala

Citrio Ana Ibáñez Zavala was nominally a  with the Kanakan Alliance during the War of the Three Capitals  in Ventora. After the war, she was charged and convicted for committing numerous s, including and. Following her conviction, she was given the death sentence and subsequently.

Early life
Ibáñez was born on January 30, 1921 in rural Karsie,, in northeastern Ventora, to Kanakan parents. Her childhood was considered unremarkable. Although she was intelligent, after receiving her certificado in 1937, she attended vocational school for animal husbandry rather than baccalaureate.

Following school, she entered the Ventoran Army to fulfill her military obligation in 1939. The start of the Second World War in 1940 resulted in her retention on active duty until 1945. Her intelligence and diligence earned her entrance to the Officer Training Center in 1941 and she was commissioned a. She became known for extracting information from captives and she rose to the rank of by the end of the war. Although her service was considered distinguished, there was some apprehension about allegations concerning her methods in interrogating. None of the allegations were substantiated and she was released from active duty in 1945 with her active reserve obligation also having been satisfied.

After military service, she became a police officer with the Duchy Police. By 1950, she had been made a detective and, once again, established a reputation for obtaining confessions from criminal suspects. The subject of several complaints, officials were never able to substantiate any wrong-doing although some of her methods remained questionable throughout her career. The police service declined to accept her back to the force following the War of the Three Capitals.

Kanakan Alliance
Predisposed to distrusting the southern, Ibáñez was an early volunteer to the Kanakan Alliance in 1962 even before the start of the War of the Three Capitals. Her former military and police experience resulted in her being given command of a company-sized unit. At the outset of the war, her unit played a role in detaining military personnel suspected of loyalty to the Monarchist and Republican factions in Aurelia. Although she did not take part in the Battle of Motril, she did obtain some information concerning Republican forces from her captives. Although of some use to Kanakan forces, the battle ended inconclusively.

Early on, she demonstrated a grasp of larger-scale operations and. She was designated a coronel in November 1962 and was assigned to lead the 1st Northern Regiment, a force that operated primarily in northeastern and eastern Ventora. She also became noted for her ability to obtain intelligence from captives of opposing forces as well as the civilian populace in areas where her unit operated. She is known to have used torture to obtain much of the intelligence she was credited with gathering, at least a portion of which was later found to be of questionable value for military purposes.

From at least 1963, Ibáñez was responsible for and. She is known to have personally perpetrated the deaths of at least three civilians in the barrio of Baririn in on June 19, 1963. Some historians consider this event a turning point in the populace's support or even tolerance for the war although it would continue until October of the following year. Post-war investigations into allegations of war crimes resulted in evidence showing her use of inhumane methods to extract information was not only extensive but resulted in several deaths which were found to not be militarily necessary.

As a military commander, Ibáñez performed well in numerous engagements of the Northern Front. Her 1st Northern Regiment comported itself well in most actions. Since it was frequently outnumbered by better-equipped forces, Ibáñez's regiment only achieved a decisive victory on three occasions. Each of these was in the sparsely populated northern region of the country. As a result, the victories did not substantially contribute to the outcome of the war.

When the factions agreed to meet for talks at the Summer Palace near Terelle, in September 1964, Ibáñez and her regiment were tasked with garrison duties in. Thus, she ended the war essentially maintaining law and order. Although she was tasked with preventing Monarchist or Republican forces from entering the duchy, the sides had agreed to a cease-fire. With the signing of the Treaty of Terelle on October 18, 1864, the Kanakan Alliance and her military service both came to an end.

Although the Treaty of Terelle, which formally ended the War of the Three Capitals, granted amnesty for actions of a military nature during the war, regardless of one's official status, it did not preclude charges for war crimes. The provisions of the Kirriktik Conventions were generally followed during the war and were deemed applicable to the Kanakan Alliance and its military forces even though some of them operated as less conventional forces. The Directorate for Criminal Investigations (: Dirección de Investigaciones Criminales, DIC) conducted nearly 100 post-war investigations into allegations of war crimes by participants on all sides.

Trial
As a member of the Kanakan Alliance's military, Ibáñez was determined to have violated Chapters II and IV of the Kirriktik Conventions pertaining to protected persons and prisoners and detainees. She was arrested by the Gendarmería on July 20, 1965 and held in custody thereafter. Because of her de facto military status, Ibáñez was charged and tried by a military Court of Justice in El Bastión at Presidio de Esgues near Plenas. She had eight charges with over 200 specifications preferred against her. The indictments included 12 counts for, 30 counts for , and 166 counts for and.

The trial began on August 15, 1965 and lasted almost 12 weeks. There were 74 witnesses who testified at the trial, 63 of which appeared on behalf of the prosecution. Most of the witnesses were either victims or eyewitnesses, including several of Ibáñez's subordinates; a dozen were legal or technical experts. Some of the deaths she was implicated in were the direct result of torture and maltreatment which medical personnel testified would have been excruciatingly painful. She was acquitted on three charges and convicted on each of the other five charges. She was sentenced to death on the basis of the murder charge and the fact she was found guilty for all 12 specifications. Following the conclusion of the original trial on November 6, 1965, her case was appealed to the military high court of justice. The The panel of three judges and two assessors found no procedural errors on the part of trial court. They did, however, overturn the conviction on the charge of failure to obey an order or directive. They ruled Ibáñez was not part of the Ventoran Armed Forces and, therefore, not subject to its directives and that "violations of the Kirriktik Conventions by non-Monarchist military personnel did not also constitute violating orders or directives."

On April 1, 1966, the Supreme Court of the Realm declined to take up the matter of the Ibáñez case, ending her possible legal appeals. The next week, Regent of Ventora issued a statement in support of the courts, signalling he was not considering issuing a pardon for Ibáñez. She was executed by military firing squad on April 12, 1966, using a small arms training range at Presidio de Esgues, site of the headquarters for Ventora's Defense Commission and armed forces.